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FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
- 1. What is FireAlarm System? An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion. In general, a fire alarm system is classified as either automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both. Fire Alarm System is all about “FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM”.
- 2. What is FireAlarm System? Conventional System - cable line out of the control panel and ending with a final component (end of line), usually a resistor Addressable System - each detector has the ability to identify itself and its current status. The movement of information is two-way - from the control panel to the alarm / signaling devices and vice versa. Types of systems There are generally two types of fire alarm systems, Conventional and Addressable.
- 3. What is NFPA72? Fire alarm system shall be installed and maintained as per NFPA 72. Fire alarm system shall be installed by qualified personnel or installation supervised by qualified personnel. NFPA 72 (is a National Fire Alarm Code), is a standard published by the National Fire Protection Association. NFPA 72 will explain how a fire alarm system is supposed to be installed. It does not determine what type of equipment such as smoke detectors, pull stations, horns, strobes, etc. should be used. Rules covers the application, installation, location, performance, inspection, testing, and maintenance of fire alarm systems.
- 4. An approved firealarm system means, acceptable to the “authority having jurisdiction“. Authority Having Jurisdiction or AHJ - is an organization, office or individual responsible for "approving" equipment, an installation or a procedure.
- 5. What are thefundamental configuration of a Fire Alarm System.
- 6. Fundamental configuration ofa Fire Alarm System; FACP – stands for Fire Alarm Control Panel, or Fire Alarm Control Unit (FACU), is the controlling component of a Fire Alarm System. A system component that receives inputs from automatic and manual fire alarm devices and may supply power to detection devices and transponders. The control panel may also provide transfer of power to the notification appliances and transfer condition of relays or devices connected to the control unit. The fire alarm control panel can be a local unit or a master control unit.
- 7. Fundamental configuration ofa Fire Alarm System; Primary power supply - Commonly the non-switched 120 or 240 Volt AC source supplied from a commercial power utility. Secondary (backup) Power supplies - This component commonly consisting of sealed lead-acid storage batteries, is used to supply energy in the event of a primary power failure.
- 8. Initiating Devices -This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and are either manually or automatically actuated. Examples would be devices like pull stations, smoke detectors, water flow switch, etc. Spot type smoke detector Optical beam smoke detector Aspirating smoke detector Duct smoke detector Heat detector Pull station
- 9. There are twokinds of spot type smoke detector. Smoke Detector - is a device that detects smoke. It detects visible smoke particles and invisible smoke like gases. Initiating Devices - This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and are either manually or automatically actuated. Examples would be devices like pull stations, smoke detectors, water flow switch, etc.
- 10. - Photoelectric oroptical smoke detector - Ionization smoke detector Smoke Detector - is a device that detects smoke. It detects visible smoke particles and invisible smoke like gases. Initiating Devices - This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and are either manually or automatically actuated. Examples would be devices like pull stations, smoke detectors, water flow switch, etc. Spot type smoke detectors are usually mounted in suspended ceiling, ceiling voids, floor voids or under raised floor and sometimes it can be in the wall.
- 11. - Photoelectric oroptical smoke detector - Ionization smoke detector Smoke Detector - is a device that detects smoke. It detects visible smoke particles and invisible smoke like gases. Initiating Devices - This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and are either manually or automatically actuated. Examples would be devices like pull stations, smoke detectors, water flow switch, etc. - Optical beam smoke detector Optical beam smoke detector is a device that uses a projected beam of light to detect smoke across large areas, and commonly used in high rise ceiling.
- 12. - Photoelectric oroptical smoke detector - Ionization smoke detector Smoke Detector - is a device that detects smoke. It detects visible smoke particles and invisible smoke like gases. Initiating Devices - This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and are either manually or automatically actuated. Examples would be devices like pull stations, smoke detectors, water flow switch, etc. - Optical beam smoke detector - Aspirating smoke detector A detector that consists of a piping or tubing distribution network from the detector to the areas being protected.
- 13. - Photoelectric oroptical smoke detector - Ionization smoke detector Smoke Detector - is a device that detects smoke. It detects visible smoke particles and invisible smoke like gases. Initiating Devices - This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and are either manually or automatically actuated. Examples would be devices like pull stations, smoke detectors, water flow switch, etc. - Optical beam smoke detector Provides early detection of smoke in the air moving through heating and ventilation AC (HVAC). - Aspirating smoke detector - Duct smoke detector
- 14. - Photoelectric oroptical smoke detector - Ionization smoke detector Smoke Detector - is a device that detects smoke. It detects visible smoke particles and invisible smoke like gases. Initiating Devices - This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and are either manually or automatically actuated. Examples would be devices like pull stations, smoke detectors, water flow switch, etc. - Optical beam smoke detector - Aspirating smoke detector - Duct smoke detector Detector coverage and location shall be considered as per rules and standards prior to installation.
- 15. Heat Detector -a device that detects abnormally high temperature or rate of temperature rise. Initiating Devices - This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and are either manually or automatically actuated. Examples would be devices like pull stations, smoke detectors, water flow switch, etc. Heat detectors are usually mounted in suspended ceiling, ceiling voids, floor voids or under raised floors and sometimes it can be in the wall or in inside the pit. - Fixed heat detector – it activates if temperature reaches to 60°C, other sensors are set 90°C.) - Linear heat detector - a device in which detection is continuous along a path. - Rate-of-Rise (ROR) heat detector - operate on a rapid rise in element temperature of 67° to 83°C increase per minute.
- 16. Initiating Devices -This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and are either manually or automatically actuated. Examples would be devices like pull stations, smoke detectors, water flow switch, etc. The device must be installed in upright position, can be mounted in the wall, column or pedestal. Manual call station / break glass unit - a manually operated device used to initiate an alarm signal. Single action mode - activates in one action, pull or break only. Dual action mode - that requires two actions to activate, usually a push then pull, or lift then break.
- 17. Notification appliances -A fire alarm system component such as bell, horn, speaker, strobe, etc. that provides an audible or visible output or both. Notification appliances can be mounted in the wall, column , or in the ceiling.
- 18. Building Safety Interfaces- This interface allows the fire alarm system to control aspects of the built environment and to prepare the building for fire and to control the spread of smoke fumes and fire by influencing air movement, lighting, process control, human transport and exit. To enable to control these process, fire alarm system requires interface modules; - Relay module or Output module - Monitor module or Input module Interface module can be installed in the ceiling, wall, or column.
- 19. Building Safety Interfaces- This interface allows the fire alarm system to control aspects of the built environment and to prepare the building for fire and to control the spread of smoke fumes and fire by influencing air movement, lighting, process control, human transport and exit. Relay module or Addressable output module (RM /AOM) – is a relay or dry contact interface to control the operation of; - Pressurization fans / Smoke extract fan - Motorized Smoke/Fire dampers - Public Address System (PAS / PAVA) - Building Management System (BMS) - Electromagnetic door holder - etc. - Elevator, escalator, travelator - Access controlled door - Air conditioning unit (AHU / CRAC / MCC) - Generator set
- 20. - Sprinkler flowswitch,butterfly valve & control valves Building Safety Interfaces - This interface allows the fire alarm system to control aspects of the built environment and to prepare the building for fire and to control the spread of smoke fumes and fire by influencing air movement, lighting, process control, human transport and exit. Monitor module or Addressable input module (AIM / MM) – receives dry contact inputs from other equipment to monitor the status of; - Remote FA power supply unit - Jockey pump (sprinkler system) - Gas release extinguishing panel - Air sampling fire panel (ASFP) - etc.