20160512 predictive and adaptive approach

AGILE & PREDICTIVE APPROACH
A comparison
Silvia Fragola , PMP® e PMI-ACP®
Trainer and coach
12 May 2016
© copyright 2016 CEFRIEL – Milan – Italy – All rights reserved

Silvia Fragola, PMP® and PMI-ACP®
Trainer and Coach
Head of PM Academy CEFRIEL
silvia.fragola@cefriel.com
@silviafragola

Key takeaways
1. Illustrating the true essence of an agile approach
2. Describing what kind of projects predictive and agile approaches best fit
3. Comparing PMP® and PMI-ACP® certifications

First of all
an important premise

Agile is not about being undisciplined
Responding to change does not mean
“learning by ear”

Agile is a practice
Mature Agile frameworks
require a disciplined,
repeatable, process-
driven approach to
actively manage a “scope
in fieri”

Agile is a good practice …
FORRESTER
What are the perceived benefits in your organization of using Agile?
46%
43%
38%
37%
32%
26%
19%
16%
5%
Improved quality
More opportunities for mid course corrections
Overall improved customer or business satisfaction
Better business/IT alignment
Improved time-to-market
Increased team motivation/morale
Greater predictability of results vs requirements
Greater predictability of releases
Increased maintainability
Base: 205 IT professionals – Global Agile Software Application Development Online Survey

… but it is not a silver bullet
“One size does not fit all”

Predictive approach (1)
 The three major constraints of the project, the scope, time and cost, are determined ahead
of time not just at a high level, but in detail, and the project is split up into phases which
can be either sequentia or overlapping
 The planning can be done for the entire project at a detailed level from the beginning of the
project, or one can do what is referred to as rolling wave planning (also known as
progressive elaboration). This is where the high-level planning is done for the entire project,
but the detailed planning is done only for the work that needs to be done in the near future.
Then as that work is completed, more detailed planning is done for the work that needs to be
completed after that
 Do not confuse scope with planning! In a predictive life cycle, the detailed scope of the
project is done right from the start; it is only the planning that may not all be worked
out detail from the beginning.
Source: Project Management Institute

Predictive approach (2)
Requirements
Analysis
Build
Test
Implement

Adaptive approach (1)
 The detailed scope is only determined ahead of a time for the current iteration or
phase of the project
 The phases or iterations are rapid, usually with a duration of 2 or 4 weeks
 During the iteration, the scope is decomposed into a set of requirements
(deliverables) and the work to be done to meet those requirements (often called the
product backlog) is prioritized
 At the end of the iteration, the work on the product is reviewed by the customer,
and the feedback from the customer is used to set the detailed scope of the next
iteration
Source: adapted from Project Management Institute

Adaptive approach (2)
Iteration Iteration Iteration Iteration RELEASE

What is an adaptive approach?
An iterative and adaptive process
where small, highly-collaborative teams
work in a series of short cycles,
incorporating rapid feedback,
to deliver emergent solutions,
emphasizing transparency
among all stakeholders

Key Elements of Agile Methodologies
 Deep comprehension of needs and
value for our customer
 Prompt communication
 Inspect and adapt
 A shared vision
 Empowerment of team members
 Clear definition of done
 Frequent feedbacks from customers
 Time-boxing
 Focus on delivery
 A supportive environment

SCRUM
Scrum
Sprint
1-4
weeks
Potentially shippable
product increment
Sprint backlogProduct backlog
Planning
Meeting
Review
Meeting
Planning meeting
Time-boxed to 8 hours,
consists of two segments:
• The first for selecting the
product backlog
• The second for preparing a
sprint backlog
Review meeting
Time-boxed to 4 hours, the
purpose is to present to the
Company Product Owner and
the stakeholders functionality
that is done
Daily scrum meeting
Time-boxed to 15 minutes, the
team members answer the
questions
• What have you done?
• What will you do?
• Which impediments have
you?
Retrospectives
Time-boxed to 3 hours, the team members
answer two questions:
• What went well?
• What could be improved?

Predictive & Adaptive: main differences
Task-oriented
Keep the baselines
Work Breakdown Structure
Fixed scope
Command-and-control
Single cycle
OVER
Value-oriented
Welcome change
Feature Breakdown Structure
Scope “in fieri”
Self organization
Iterations

Key takeaways
3. Illustrating the true essence of an agile approach
2. Describing what kind of projects predictive and agile approaches best fit
3. Comparing PMP® and PMI-ACP® certifications

Predictive approach Adaptive approach
 The final product can be
fully specified and designed
in the early stages of the
project
 Project is structurally
complex (size, number of
interdependencies …)
 Project needs a strict
regulatory control
 Project presents typical
features of emergent
complexity, e.g. due to lack
of clarity of vision, clear
success criteria/benefits,
previous experience,
availability of information …
 Product has a significant
component of human
interaction

Source: http://www.pmitoday-digital.com/pmitoday/may_2016?pg=4#pg4

PMP® certification

PMI-ACP® certification
High performers are more likely to focus, compared to their lower-
performing counterparts, on some foundational practices including “more
frequent use of agile/incremental/iterative practices in project
management: the use of these practices continues to rise, with 38% of
organizations reporting frequent use, up 8 percentage points since
2013”
Source: PMI’s Pulse of the profession, February 2015
The PMI-ACP® is our fastest growing certification, and it’s no wonder.
Organizations that are highly agile and responsive to market
dynamics complete more of their projects successfully than their slower-
moving counterparts — 75 percent versus 56 percent — as shown in our
2015 Pulse of the Profession® report.
The PMI-ACP spans many approaches to agile such as Scrum,
Kanban, Lean, extreme programming (XP) and test-driven
development (TDD.) So it will increase your versatility, wherever your
projects may take you.
Source: https://www.pmi.org/certification/agile-management-acp.aspx

PMI-ACP® certification
Source: PMI-ACP ® Examination Content Outline
http://www.pmi.org/~/media/PDF/Certifications/exam-outline/agile-certified-exam-outline.ashx
Domains
Tools &
Techniques
Knolwedge &
Skills
Agile Analysis and Design
Agile Estimation
Communications
Interpersonal Skills
Metrics
Planning, Monitoring, and
Adapting
Process Improvement
Product Quality
Risk Management
Value-Based Prioritization
…
Leadership
Building agile teams
Agile hybrid models
Agile contracting
Managing with agile KPIs
Process analysis
Incremental delivery
Prioritization
Principles of systems thinking
…

PMI-ACP® - Reference materials (1)
Previous Reference List New Reference List

PMI-ACP® - Reference materials (2)
Previous Reference List New Reference List

PMI-ACP® - Useful references
 https://www.linkedin.com/groups/6952583
 http://www.agileexams.com
 http://edward-designer.com/web/free-pmi-acp-exam-questions/
 http://www.whizlabs.com/pmi-acp-certification-preparation-with-agile-
practices/acp-free-test/
 http://www.proplanx.com/index.php/free/pmi-acp-practice-mock-simulation
 http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=acp-mock-exams-set-6
 http://www.trainagile.com/public/PMIACPPracticeExams.aspx
 http://leadinganswers.typepad.com/leading_answers/2012/05/pmi-acp-
sample-questions.html

PMP ® & PMI-ACP® main differences
PMP ® PMI-ACP®
# questions 200 120
Duration 4 hours 3 hours
Reference PMBoK 5th Edition &
Examination content
outline
Examination content
outline
Point of view in the
questions
PM Agile Practitioner
Focus Industry agnostic Industry agnostic
Maintenance 60 PDU every 3 years 30 PDU every 3 years

Facts to consider to choose between
PMP ® & PMI-ACP® certification
 Reference industry
 % of agile projects you are involved in
 Agility of the organization you are working in/with
(customers, partners, providers)
 Management trends in your sector
 Knowledge of tools & techniques used for predictive
approach
PMP ® certification is a “baseline”

20160512 predictive and adaptive approach

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