INTRODUCTION TO HIGHER EDUCATION 8625 unit 1 Part-1

INTRODUCTION TO HIGHER EDUCATION 8625 unit 1 Part-1

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  INTRODUCTION TO HIGHER EDUCATION Presentedby: M. Ashraf Ch.
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  Objectives of session: Aftersuccessful completion of session, participants will be able to:  explain the nature of higher education  discuss the need and purpose of higher education  know the challenges and suggestions about higher education  Understand the status, factors and reforms of higher education in Pakistan
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  Introduction of HigherEducation: “Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.” (William Butler Yeats)  Any of the various types of education given in post secondary education of learning and afforded by a degree at the end of course.  Higher Educational Institutions include not only Universities and Colleges, but also various Professional Schools that provide preparation in such fields as law, medicine, business, art, music, and engineering.  HE is considered indispensable for Nation Building
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  Continue…….  Education forExcellence in different subjects: a)Excellence in science for material progress and b)Excellence in Humanity & social science, Arts, language & literature for Cultural growth & Dev and interpersonal Human Relationship  The terms higher education, tertiary education and post-secondary education are used interchangeably (The World Bank, 2000).
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  University: Educational institution designedfor instruction, examination or both, of students in many branches of advanced learning and conferring degrees. According to the modern concept of education, a University is a city of the universe. This meaning essentially includes knowledge and information of all disciplines.
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  Need and Scopeof Higher Education: Higher education improves an individual's quality of life.  A person with higher education has better dietary and health practices; greater economic stability and security; more prestigious employment and greater job satisfaction; less dependency on government assistance, greater community service and leadership, more volunteer work, more self- confidence, and less criminal activity.
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  Conti……..  HE Supportand enhance the process of economic and social development  To enable individuals to achieve excellence  To strengthen the micro-management infra- structure of society and to train national managers" of “collective leadership"  To create specialized expertise like in agriculture, medicine, nuclear, space, chemical, and energy fields  To inspire education at different levels and to coordinate at the national level  Human resource development
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  Purpose of highereducation:  Career preparation  Broader practical benefits  Personal development ✓ Better communication ✓ Critical thinking skills ✓ Identification of skills ✓ Realization of passion ✓ Greater sense of discipline ✓ Sense of accomplishment  Pursuing a passion It is an extremely important component of a healthy, well-lived life. We can figure out ways to apply our passions as we pursue them.
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  Importance of HigherEducation I. Career Benefits With HE, you will probably make more money. Unemployment rates are also affected by HE. HE provides more career choices and probably able to change careers more easily than those who have not completed some form of HE II. Social Benefits One is less likely to live in poverty if you have earned a college degree & more likely to volunteer and help the community in which you live. III. Personal Benefits Pursuing HE may help you to become more sensitive to cultural differences and be able to respect the beliefs of all types of people. After completing a college degree, you'll have a broader set of career options, which often leads to increased personal choice and freedom & live a healthier
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  Challenges in HigherEducation:  Higher education is faced with very severe challenges in the shape of various economic, social, political, and moral changes, and its future depends on the response made by its people to these challenges (Rao, 2003).  These challenges are multidimensional like population explosion, lack of resources, non participation of private sector, inconsistency of policies, political instability and inefficient educational system (Hayes, 1987).
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  Major challenges:  Quantityand Quality  Equity (fair & impartial)  Student unrest  Emotional integration  Administrative reforms  Faculty  Educational policies  Academic freedom  Courses and curricula  Budgeting and financing
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  Suggestions to meetthe Challenges:  Stress is laid on the need for improving the quality of education at every stage so that a proper foundation can be laid for advanced study.  To begin from the top without reforming the lower stages is against the law of nature.  A multidimensional, flexible, and dynamic (constant progress) education system, which serves people according to their ability and aptitude.  Higher education institutions must be responsive to the challenges of the rapidly changing world
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  Cont.….  Equal opportunityshould be given to all students by considering their economic conditions.  Should ensure availability of all resources like qualified faculty, equipped libraries, fully developed laboratories.  Examination system should be reliable and effective, teaching methods should be rational and updated.
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  Higher education inPakistan:  Unfortunately education system in Pakistan is really backward but luckily people are not inherently incompetent or morally incurable (untreatable).  Need is to diagnose maladies (disorder /disease) correctly and take appropriate measures to cure these maladies.  Main reason of this failure is following the foreign rules and blind imitation of western attitudes and methods.
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  Vision of highereducation: Vision of HE for Education Sector Reform 2001  Transformation of our institutions of higher education into world class seats of learning, equipped to foster (promote) high quality education, scholarship and research, to produce enlightened citizens with strong moral and ethical values that build a tolerant and pluralistic society rooted in the culture of Pakistan.
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  Recommendations for improvement: There arefollowing recommendations for improvement of higher education in Pakistan:  University governance and management  Central coordination and support for quality  Funding  Faculty and staff  Research  Curriculum  Implementation