Downloaded 76 times
Uploaded byeLearningJa
Integrated Science M1 Science Investigations
This document provides an overview of science concepts and the scientific process. It begins with objectives and introduces the topic by asking what science is and how it really works. It then discusses science, technology, and society. The document outlines habits of mind and processes of inquiry in science investigations. It explains that science involves testing ideas through gathering data, interpreting observations, developing explanations, and revising understandings. While often presented as linear steps, the scientific process is really iterative and interrelated.
More Related Content
Similar to Integrated Science M1 Science Investigations
Integrated Science M1 Science Investigations
- 1. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills SCIENCE INVESTIGATIONSSCIENCE INVESTIGATIONS Materials Materials Materials Materials ProcedureProcedureProcedureProcedure Hypothesis Hypothesis Hypothesis Hypothesis Integrated Science Module 1Integrated Science Module 1 Unit 1Unit 1 Lesson 1Lesson 1 Results Results Results Results Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion
- 2. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills Overview In this slide presentation, you will examine the processes involved in working like a scientist. It will help you understand more about science, how science investigations are really done and the value and importance of science in society. This is a necessary part of your preparation to sit the CSEC Integrated Science examination. You can access various subtopics in the Menu on the LEFT of the slides. 2
- 3. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills Introduction For many years, you have been ‘doing science investigations’ using what is called ‘The Scientific Method’. 3 What exactly does that mean? What is involved or required? How can we tell if we are doing science investigations properly?
- 4. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills Objectives On completing this slide presentation, you should be able to: 1.discuss the nature and scope of science. 2.recall various attitudes, processes and problem solving skills involved in doing investigations in science. 3.explain how science is investigated. 4.show appreciation for the value of science to society. 5.use computer technology and skills to search for information and to share ideas. 4
- 5. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills What is Science? Activity 1.1 – Science all around us 1. You’ve been ‘doing science’ in school… What do you think science is all about? Write down as many images of science, or things that are related to or dependent on, science, as you recognize in this video. Click > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJOOowG7Cwo 2. Discuss with your Teacher and classmates what science you saw and recorded from the images in the video. 5 CHECKCHECK
- 6. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills What is Science? Activity 1.1 – Science all around us Question 1: Write down as many images of science as you recognize in the video. You might have seen images of the following: •Volcano, Medicine, DNA strand, Space exploration which involves overcoming gravity; •Inter-relationships of populations of animals e.g. Penguins; •Digitizing a picture e.g. pixels shown; •Reproduction –sexual shown by flowers, asexual reproduction and genetics shown by cloning sheep; •Nutrition/Food inter-relationships e.g. Spider eating an insect, snake and whale; •Disease and prevention via Vaccination 6 FEEDBACK MOREMORE
- 7. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills What is Science? Activity 1.1 – Science all around us Feedback to Question 1: Write down as many images of science as you recognize in the video. You might have seen these images as well: •Force and movement; •Germination & Growth; Genetics; •Weather, e.g., Lightning; •Chemistry, e.g., Benzene rings; •‘S & T’, e.g., Cell phones, Space crafts, Sports; •Questions e.g. related to Ethics of cloning humans, and Science vs. Religion issues. •Did you also see at 2.52 some well-known scientists e.g. Stephen Hawking, Albert Einstein and Watson and Crick? Did you see all of the above science-related things? Watch it again, if necessary! 7 FEEDBACK
- 8. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills What is Science? You no doubt recall that science is knowledge about all living and non-living things and the environment in which they exist. For convenience, we separate science into various sub-disciplines, for example, Virology, Astronomy, Geology, Physics. 1.Now, click this link and watch the video on ‘Branches of Science’. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-5sWfqa6wM&feat .ure=related •Were you familiar with all of those names of sub-disciplines you saw in this video? •Were you surprised by any of them? Why? 8
- 9. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills What is Science? – Why study Integrated science? When we study Integrated Science, we begin to understand further: •the structure-function characteristics of both living organisms and non-living things; •the inter-relationships of ‘higher’ organisms, e.g. humans and flowering plants, with each other and with materials (e.g., metals, acids) and the environment; •processes and phenomena (e.g., photosynthesis, force, energy conversions, hazards) affecting living organisms and within the environ-ment of which we are an important part. 9
- 10. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills 10 What is Science? Career Focus • From the previous videos, you saw that Science can be organized into various sub- disciplines. • Find out about careers in any of those science fields in which you are interested or which might impact the career field you have already decided to enter. Note that any career in science will require years of study!
- 11. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills What is Technology? Discuss these questions within your group, then share your thoughts/ideas with classmates and your teacher. • What is technology? How do you define it? • Do you use technology? How? When? • Look around – do you see evidence of technology in this room? What are its impact/s? • Does technology only relate to/draw from science alone? Find out about technology; watch up to 1.22 at > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEvAzKQ1FUU & also > http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/trinity/watistec.html 11
- 12. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills What is science? From this introductory reminder of the scope of topics included in science, you should realize that everything that we do and use, every career that we select is dependent on and impacted by science in some way! You doubt it? Well…. Think of anything at all that is important to you then later, do an internet search to try to find out its origin, its components or what influences how it works! You just might be surprised!You just might be surprised! 12
- 13. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills What is Science? Apart from knowledge of things in various sub-disciplines, what else is science? From work done in previous grades, you should recall that: Science is also the habits of mindhabits of mind or attitudesattitudes which enable someone to gain new knowledge or to confirm existing knowledge. 13
- 14. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills Attitudes or Habits of Mind inAttitudes or Habits of Mind in ScienceScience 1. Click/ read some ‘attitudes or habits of mind’ we use when we ‘do science’. http://www.homeofbob.com/glossaries/attitudes.html 2. Reflect and write in your notebook any attitudes or habits of mind that have helped you, so far, and which you have used while doing science investigations. 14 “Habits of Mind” refers to the development of the attitudes, perspectives, interests and motivation that a learner should have towards science. Attitudes/habits are the practices that strengthen learning. “Habits of Mind” refers to the development of the attitudes, perspectives, interests and motivation that a learner should have towards science. Attitudes/habits are the practices that strengthen learning.
- 15. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills Science as Process or Inquiry Skills Several processes can be used in a number of efficient ways to think about, investigate, and do science. 15 Science is also a process - a way of problem solving. It is how we find out about things using various inquiry/ process skills. For example, what inquiry skill is being used here?
- 16. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills Think of at least four other inquiry or process skills that you have used in science investigations. Processes of Science Activity 2.2 – Processes of Science Students on the previous slide are observing, and using a science tool to help them to observe better. Observing with all the senses is the most commonly used science process or inquiry skill . 16 http://www.squidoo.com/humanbodylapbook Click/read to recall other inquiry skills you’ve used > http://www.exploringnature.org/db/detail.php?dbID= CHECKCHECK
- 17. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills How Science reallyreally works – The Scientific Method The sequence of activities involved in ‘doing science’ is often referred to as ‘The ScientificThe Scientific MethodMethod’. This suggests that there is only one way to carry out an investigation. The traditional steps are to: 17 1. Ask a Question 2. Do Background Research 3. Construct a Hypothesis 4. Test Your Hypothesis by Doing a Test or an Experiment 5. Analyze Your Data & 6. Draw a Conclusion 7. Communicate Your Results 1. Ask a Question 2. Do Background Research 3. Construct a Hypothesis 4. Test Your Hypothesis by Doing a Test or an Experiment 5. Analyze Your Data & 6. Draw a Conclusion 7. Communicate Your Results
- 18. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills How Science reallyreally works – The Scientific Method To see the usually indicated sequence for the Scientific Method of investigation, check the flow diagram at left at > http://www.sciencebuddies.org/engineering-design-process/enginee That way shows as a linear, stepwise set of activities. But, that is over-simplified, rigid and fails to accurately portray how science really works! As you go through various activities, you will hopefully realize that there is not just one Scientific Method, but many accepted “scientific methodologies”. 18
- 19. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills How Science reallyreally works Activity 3.1 – The process of scientific inquiry 1. Work in your group. Click open > http://undsci.berkeley.edu/images/flowchart_35.pdf 2. Read the elements (in the coloured circles) and discuss the contents of each area within your group. 3. From the arrows, note that science really works as a repetitive, inter-related set of processes. 4. Testing ideas is at the core of science investigations! What is involved in Testing Ideas? 19
- 20. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills How Science reallyreally works Activity 3.1 – The process of scientific inquiry Question 4: What is involved in Testing Ideas? Testing ideas in scienceTesting ideas in science involves: 1.Gathering data; 2.Interpreting observations; 3.Coming up with explanations; 4.Revising after more observations. These require using science inquiry skills, various equipment and having good attitudes/habits of mind. Note: Gathering data to test ideas in science involves proposing aproposing a testable hypothesis.testable hypothesis. AA hypothesishypothesis is a potential explanation for , oris a potential explanation for , or idea about, phenomena that we observe in the naturalidea about, phenomena that we observe in the natural world. It is not just an arbitrary or careless guess!!world. It is not just an arbitrary or careless guess!! 20 FEEDBACK
- 21. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills How Science reallyreally works Activity 3.1b – How do we Test Ideas in Science? 1. Explain to your teacher: What do you do to test an idea in science? 2. Click in the box below to type your responses. Note. You can only type and edit in Slide Show view. 3. Share and compare your ideas within your group. 4. Click the CHECK button for feedback. 21 CHECKCHECK
- 22. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills How Science reallyreally works Activity 3.1b –What do you do to Test Ideas in Science? What do you do to test an idea in science? To test an idea, we develop a scientific argument. (Note: An argument (e.g. used by lawyers and scientists) is an evidence-based line of reasoning ….. It is neither a quarrel nor a disagreement between people!!) Scientific arguments are composed of: 1. the ideaidea , stated as a hypothesis (could be a theory); 2. expectationsexpectations (predictions) generated by that idea; 3. the actual observationsobservations or evidence, relevant to those expectations. Scientific arguments generally follow this sequence: 22 FEEDBACK
- 23. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills 23 How Science reallyreally works Example of a Scientific Argument Modified from: http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/coreofscience_01 Idea/Hypothesis Idea: Life is built from cells Expectation/Prediction We expect to observe cells under the microscope Evidence We actually do observe cells under the microscope ANIMATEANIMATE 11 22 33
- 24. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills How Science reallyreally works The Results of a Scientific Argument In scientific arguments, the actual test results are very important! WHY? Well, because…. 24 A. The results of investigations can supportsupport a hypothesis. B. The results of investigations can refuterefute a hypothesis. Adapted from: http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/howscienceworks_06 Expected Results / Observations Expected Results / Observations Actual Results /Observations Actual Results /Observations Lends Support Lends Support= ANIMATEANIMATE Expected Results / Observations Expected Results / Observations Actual Results /Observations Actual Results /Observations Helps Refute Helps Refute=
- 25. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills 25 How science reallyreally works But the process of science investigations can have these elements that comprise the scientific argument assembled in several orders. Go to the next slide and click the OPTION buttons to see the various sequencing of the elements. Photo Source: http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/howscienceworks_07
- 26. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills How Science reallyreally works Assembling a Scientific Argument 26 OPTION 1OPTION 1 OPTION 2OPTION 2
- 27. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills 27 How Science reallyreally works Sometimes, the steps are carried out in a different order than what you know as ‘the scientific method’. For example: Robert Hooke made the first observations of ‘cells’ in the 1600s, but… cell theory was not formulated until 200 years later! So, the sequence was: Observation Evidence Hypothesis Theory. Note: The Idea/Hypothesis came AFTERAFTER the Observations & Evidence inspiring ‘Cell Theory’. http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/coreofscience_01 Watch > http://cbse-notes.blogspot.com/2012/04/class-9-ch5-cellfunda
- 28. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills How Science reallyreally works - Safety while working in scienceSafety while working in science A hazardhazard is anything that can cause harm. Watch, read and listen to this song > http://teacherweb.com/CA/Assumption/science/Lab-Safety-Power-Point.pdf Check if you understood from the song the things in this video, from > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ELbwzqyuhs Look around the lab for Safety or Hazard signsSafety or Hazard signs.. In your group write five Safety Rules for the lab. 28 Feedback: Check them with these guidelines. http://web.archive.org/web/20071011004030/http:// sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/safety_guidelines.htm CHECKCHECK
- 29. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills 29 How Science reallyreally works Using Variables in Science Investigations Scientists try to find out cause and effect relationships. They predict then try to find out the effect of change to one factor or condition. The changing factor/condition is a variable. There are usually 3 kinds of variables: 1.Independent Variable = What I change in the investigation and there should be only one, at a time. 2.Dependent Variable = What I observe to see if and how it responds to changes in the Independent Variable/s and should be measureable. 3.Controlled Variable = What I keep the same or constant. Source: http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_variables.shtml
- 30. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills How Science reallyreally works Using Variables in Science Investigations Activity 3.2 1. In the rectangle below, type your answer to the following question: How can we ensure a ‘fair test’ in science? Note: You can only type and edit in Slide Show mode. 2. Click the CHECK button for feedback. 30 Source : http://www.footprints-science.co.uk/intro.htm CHECKCHECK
- 31. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills How Science reallyreally works Using Variables in Science Investigations Activity 3.2 1. Keep the control variable constant. RememberRemember: The control variable should be kept constant throughout the investigation. 2. Change only the independent variable. RememberRemember: The independent variable is what you change or choose to observe during the investigation. 3. Ensure reliability and validity in what you do. RememberRemember: It is reliable if others can repeat it and get the same results. It has validity if every other variable except the independent variable was kept constant throughout. 31 Source: http://www.footprints-science.co.uk/intro.htm Question: How can we ensure a ‘fair test’ in science? FEEDBACK
- 32. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills 32 Questions to ask while doing Science Investigations 1. What would we expect to observe if this idea were true (i.e., what is our expected observation/hypothesis). 2. What do we actually observe? 3. Do our expectations match our observations? This = evidence. 4. Is our hypothesis supported or refuted? 5. What conclusions can we draw? Look at the ‘Science Checklist’ at > http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/whati sscience_04 Then do Worksheet 1.1 in your SIM.
- 33. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills 33 Science, Technology andScience, Technology and SocietySociety 1. Does science affect youyou? me? our society? How? When? 2. Does science matter to anyone at all? Why? 3. Click to watch this video > http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=5171aZhB9d8&feature=related (Science in our daily life) 4. Share your views on whether or not science impacts our life in any way. 5. Check out various technologies from 1.22 at > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEvAzKQ1FUU
- 34. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills QUIZ 1. Are you ready to test yourself? 2. There are four multiple choice (M.C.) items that you are required to do. 3. For each item, click on the letter of the correct response and then click the button ‘FEEDBACK’ for information on the options. 4. Click the button ‘NEXT QUESTION’ to continue. 5. Click the Begin Quiz button below to start the quiz! 34 BEGIN QUIZ!BEGIN QUIZ!BEGIN QUIZ!BEGIN QUIZ!
- 35. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills 35 QUIZ: Question 1 Click the letter that shows the statement or phrase which most correctly completes this statement: Science is … B. absolute and unchanging.B. absolute and unchanging. D. only done by old, white men with beards.D. only done by old, white men with beards. C. just a collection of facts about living organisms and how they inter-relate. C. just a collection of facts about living organisms and how they inter-relate. A. the use of process skills and the habits of mind which help to build knowledge. A. the use of process skills and the habits of mind which help to build knowledge. FEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACK
- 36. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills QUIZ: Question 1 Feedback to Question 1 - “Science is ….” A. Yes! Science is using process or inquiry skills - i.e. a way of problem solving, and it is from those processes that knowledge is acquired and built. The process or inquiry skills include carrying out tests in which observing, making hypotheses, testing and investigating are utilized and various habits of mind developed and used so as to acquire new knowledge. B. If the results of tests/investigations do not support hypotheses, then new knowledge is acquired, which could mean changing previously held ideas. So, science is not absolute and unchanging. C. Science is not just a collection of facts like what you might see in your textbook! That is a record of what has been found out. Science is both a body of knowledge and the processes for investigating and finding out or building that knowledge. And, science is concerned with living and non-living phenomena in the world. D. Science is done by everyone constantly, in various problem-solving activities that we perform daily. Carry out the Challenge Area activity in your SIM to learn about some of the persons who are scientists. 36 FEEDBACK NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION
- 37. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills 37 QUIZ: Question 2 Click the letter that shows the statement or phrase which most correctly completes this statement: Because it has been tested, scientific knowledge A. can disprove religious ideas.A. can disprove religious ideas. B. stops any further research.B. stops any further research. C. is vigorous.C. is vigorous. D. is reliable.D. is reliable. FEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACK
- 38. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills QUIZ: Question 2 Feedback to Question 2 “Because it has been tested, scientific knowledge …” A. Science is concerned exclusively with the natural world; it does not deal with supernatural forces, beliefs, explanations etc in which most religious idea are grounded. So, science cannot disprove nor prove religious ideas. B. Science research work is ongoing. The answer to one scientific question often leads to additional questions that are then investigated/researched. C. It is incorrect to say that Scientific knowledge is ‘vigorous’; the word is being used incorrectly. What we generally say is that the tests and investigations are rigorous i.e. they are done in a comprehensive, thorough and complete way, leaving no room for inconsistencies or doubt. The evidence/results from investigations must be valid, and must be accepted even when/if the hypotheses are not supported by the results. D. Yes! Science is reliable. 3838 FEEDBACK NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION
- 39. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills 39 QUIZ: Question 3 A. Science works only with testable ideas.A. Science works only with testable ideas. D. Science is both a body of knowledge and the process for building that knowledge. D. Science is both a body of knowledge and the process for building that knowledge. C. Science aims to build coherent explanations of the natural world. C. Science aims to build coherent explanations of the natural world. B. Science helps us to make moral and aesthetic judgments and draw conclusions about the supernatural. B. Science helps us to make moral and aesthetic judgments and draw conclusions about the supernatural. FEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACK Click the letter that shows the statement or phrase which most correctly completes this statement: All of the statements below about science are true EXCEPT for
- 40. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills QUIZ: Question 3 If you selected Statement B, you are correct. Statement B is not true! Moral and aesthetic judgments, decisions about applications of science, and conclusions about the supernatural are entirely outside the realm of science. Science focuses only on natural phenomena and processes, and works only with testable ideas. Statements A, C and D about science are all correct. 40 FEEDBACK NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION
- 41. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills 41 QUIZ: Question 4 Click the letter that shows the statement or phrase which most correctly completes this statement: Hypotheses are A. only inspired by research work that you plan to do.A. only inspired by research work that you plan to do. D. the same things as theories.D. the same things as theories. B. always a good guess about something that we observe happening. B. always a good guess about something that we observe happening. C. potential explanations for what we observe in the natural world. C. potential explanations for what we observe in the natural world. FEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACK
- 42. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills Quiz: Question 4 Feedback to Question 4 - “Hypotheses are …” A. To say that: Hypotheses are only inspired by research work that you plan to do is incorrect. Hypotheses are usually inspired and informed by previous research and/or observations B. Hypotheses are not simply good guesses, because they are informed by previous research and/or observations. D. Hypotheses are proposed explanations for a narrow set of phenomena that we observe in the natural world, while theories are powerful explanations for a wide range of phenomena. 42NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION FEEDBACK
- 43. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills REVIEW QUESTION: Evidence vs Inference in science investigations 43 Evidence is the set of facts that are observed and gathered as the results of investigations It represents things as they actually are. Inference is what we do to make sense of the evidence/s we have. http://schools.utah.gov/arc/curr/grade8scienceoer.pdf http://www.fotosearch.com/FSD357/x24712145/ In this picture, what is the evidence? What inference do you make? Use the evidence and your inference to write a hypothesis you could test. Read it aloud.
- 44. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills End of Activity • You have reached the end of this slide presentation. • If you wish to review the concepts in this lesson, click the Introduction button. • If you have finished viewing the slides, click the Close (X) button. 44
- 45. ObjectivesObjectives What is science?Whatis science? How science really works How science really works IntroductionIntroduction Science, Technology & Society Science, Technology & Society XX INVESTIGATIONS Habits of the mind Process or Inquiry Skills 45 CREDITS http://undsci.berkeley.edu/index.php http://undsci.berkeley.edu/teaching/allgoals.php http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/scienceflowchart (Interactive flow chart) http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair- projects/project_variables.shtml (Variables)
Editor's Notes
- #2 Read this before viewing as slide show. Note. If you are using PowerPoint 2007, before you begin, look for the Security Warning below the ribbon, above this slide and click the Options button. In the Security Alert box, click “Enable This Content”. If the Security Warning does not appear, then view the presentation as Slide Show. If you are using PowerPoint 2013, look below the ribbon. If you see a Security Warning, click Enable Content before viewing in Slide Show View.
- #18 http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_scientific_method.shtml
- #19 http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_scientific_method.shtml
- #25 Adapted from: http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/howscienceworks_06
- #28 http://cbse-notes.blogspot.com/2012/04/class-9-ch5-cellfundamental-unit-of.html The Wacky History of Cell Theory by TED.com