Digital photojournalism

REGIDOR G. GABOY
CLSU - Center for Educational Resources Development
and Services (CERDS)

Photography
 Photography is a means of recording forever
the things one sees for a moment. It is better
than memory because it does more than just
recall things to the mind. It enables us to
show what we have done, where we have
been, what we have seen and even what we
have thought

Know your camera!
 What is your camera?
 What is the capability of your camera?

Basic Terms: Speed and
Sensitivity
 ASA–American Standard Association

 ISO-International Standard (from
International Organizational Standard)

 DIN-German Institute for Standardization

 GOST (Russian: ГОСТ) is an arithmetic
scale which was used in the former Soviet
Union before 1987

Automatic Settings
 Portrait - Set your digital camera to
portrait mode when you are taking
photographs of people. Portrait
mode will set the image color for
skin tone perfectly.

 Landscape - Set your camera to this
mode when you are taking photos of
landscapes. For example if you are
photographing beach or mountain
sceneries.

 Close Up - Close up mode speaks
for itself. For example, when you
want to photograph small objects so
they fill the whole frame as if to
appear larger.

 Sports - Sports mode should be
used when you want to
photograph a moving object
such as a child or dog running.

 Night Portrait - Choose night
portrait automatic mode when
you want to shoot a person in
low light such as night time.

 Flash Off - This mode is useful
for times when you are not
allowed to use a flash. For
example, in an art gallery.

Full-Automatic
 When your camera is on
automatic, all important
settings such as ISO, Aperture
and exposure are made for
you, taking out the guess work.

 When your camera is set on
automatic, it's also
recommended that your lens is
set on automatic focus. That is
if it has that option. If your lens
has an option for automatic
focus you will notice on the
side of it letters AF.

Settings and options

 The letters AV (for Canon camera's) or A (for Nikon camera's)
on your mode dial sets your digital SLR camera to aperture
priority. Your camera then changes all other settings such as
shutter speed automatically to suit.

 Remember:
 Opening your lens more refers to lowering the f number.
 Closing your lens more refers to a higher f number.

 A-DEP stands for 'automatic depth of field',
or 'auto depth of field'. Meaning, the camera
sets the depth of field automatically.

 When the camera is set on A-DEP, the
photographer doesn't need to set an aperture
F number as the camera does this for them.

 Manual settings allow you to choose your
own settings depending on your choice.

Camera: Canon EOS 400D /
Rebel XTi
Lens: Canon EF-S17-85mm
f/4-5.6 IS USM
Exposure: 0.2 sec (1/5)
Aperture: f/22
Focal Length: 85 mm
ISO Speed: 100
Exposure Program: Manual
Flash: Flash did not fire
http://www.slrphotographyguide.com

Why this shot worked (According to the photographer)
―For this beach landscape, I wanted the whole scene from the sand in the
foreground, to the island and boat in the background to be fully in focus. I also intended
for the ocean waves to have a slow motion dreamy look and feel to them.
For this to be achieved, the camera needed to be set on a high aperture f/22,
and a relatively slow shutter speed of 1/5th of a second. If I had set the camera to
aperture priority, then the shutter speed would have been automatically created for me,
or conversely if I'd set shutter priority, the camera would have automatically set the
aperture to suit.
Therefore, setting the camera on manual mode, allowed me to fully choose
both the aperture and the shutter speed.‖ -

Bluish shot: a photo defect
 The blueish tinge is normally a result of using
an incorrect white balance.

When to use white balance?
 Daylight (Canon) and Direct Sunlight (Nikon):
This is a good setting for direct sunlight. For
example, a beach landscape mid morning where
you're not shooting into shade.

 When to use Shade white balance: Use shade
white balance in shady area's or sunset shots. It
will help give a warmer color to your shots.

 When to use Cloudy: This is a good setting for
cloudy days. It's also quite effective for shady
area's as well.

 When to use Tungsten white balance: This
is one of the most extreme balance settings
of them all and should only be used with
tungsten light bulbs. Or at times where you
purposefully want a blue tinge to your
images.

 When to use fluorescent: This setting will
help make inside fluorescent house lighting,
look a bit better than the yellowy orange color
you usually see.

 Flash white balance: Flash white balance is
used mostly for studio work.

Histogram
 A histogram is a bar
chart that shows you
whether a photographs
exposure is good or
bad. You can view the
histogram on your
camera's LCD screen
after you have taken
the shot

How does it work?
As you can see
by the image
below, it was
underexposed
(too dark). There
is very little detail
seen in the tree's,
footpath and two
people on the left.

 Notice this
time, the high
peaks are on
the right hand
side of the
graph.

REMEMBER!
What you should be aiming for,
is a histogram that displays the
majority of peaks within the
center of the graph!

Exceptions
 There are times when it's perfectly acceptable for the graph to
display high peaks at either end of the histogram.

 For instance, if there is naturally a lot of white within the
scenery (snow shots), then you would see high peaks on the
right side of the histogram, even when the photo is perfectly
exposed.

 On the other hand, if there is a lot of black within the scenery
or object you are photographing, then the high peaks would
naturally occur on the left hand side of the graph.

 Furthermore, if there is a good mixture of black and white
within the scenery, you may find high peaks at both ends of
the histogram.

Color on Printing

CMYK RGB

The image on The image on
left is separated right is
with maximum separated for
printing with
black, to process cyan,
minimize ink magenta, and
use. yellow inks.

The triangle of camera
operation

APPERTURE SHUTTER

ISO

Techniques
 Framing
 Timing
 Perspective
 Angle
 Panning

Rule of Thirds
The rule of thirds is a compositional rule
of thumb in visual arts such as painting,
photography and design.

The rule states that an image should be
imagined as divided into nine equal parts
by two equally-spaced horizontal lines and
two equally-spaced vertical lines, and that
important compositional elements should
be placed along these lines or their
intersections.

Proponents of the technique claim that
aligning a subject with these points
creates more tension, energy and interest
in the composition than simply centering
the subject would.

We use photo because…

 it catches the readers’ attention
 it serves as the lead of the news story
 it emphasizes a certain point

What is Photojournalism?
 Photojournalism is a branch of the field
of journalism characterized by the use of
images to tell a story. The images in a
photojournalism piece may be
accompanied with explanatory text, or
shown independently, with the images
themselves narrating the events they
depict.

Qualities of a Photojournalism Material

 Timeliness — the images have meaning in the
context of a recently published record of events.

 Objectivity — the situation implied by the
images is a fair and accurate representation of
the events they depict in both content and tone.

 Narrative — the images combine with other
news elements to make facts relatable to the
viewer or reader on a cultural level.

Qualities of a Good Photo
 News Value
 Focus
 Depth
 Atmosphere
 Clarity
 Color tone
 Texture

Captions
 Captions are text materials that
accompany photographs. They may be
as short as three to four words, or as
long as several paragraphs.

Digital photojournalism

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