Uploaded byCLARENCE APOSTOL, CHRMP, CHRM, CIRS, IADT
Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT) Manual
The Culture Fair Intelligence Tests (CFIT) developed by Raymond B. Cattell measure fluid intelligence with minimal cultural and verbal influences through non-verbal tasks. These tests are aimed at assessing cognitive abilities in diverse populations, aiding in educational decisions and identifying learning challenges. The tests have undergone several revisions since the 1930s to enhance their reliability and validity across different age groups and contexts.
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Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT) Manual
- 1. Culture Fair IntelligenceTests (CFIT) by Raymond B. Cattell A. Karen S. Cattell Slides created by Clarence G. Apostol MA in Counseling Psychology De La Salle University-Manila CPS 560M: Assessment Tools in Counseling
- 2. Introduction Raymond B. Cattelldivided general intelligence into two distinct types: crystallized and fluid. Crystallized intelligence represents knowledge acquired through experience. Tests of crystallized intelligence, such as verbal memory and general knowledge, are thought to reflect the influence of culture and schooling. Fluid intelligence represents the biological ability to acquire knowledge and solve problems. Tests that reflect fluid intelligence, such as reasoning speed, spatial reasoning, and inductive reasoning, are thought to reflect intelligence independent of learning. Cattell developed a “culture-fair” test to measure fluid intelligence.
- 3. Purpose: The Culture FairIntelligence Tests measures individual intelligence in a manner designed to reduced, as much as possible, the influence of verbal fluency, cultural climate, and educational level. The tests, which may be administered individually or in a group, are non-verbal and require only the examinees be able to perceive relationships in shapes and figures. Each scale contains 4 subtests involving different perceptual tasks, so that the composite intelligence measure avoids spurious reliance on a single skill.
- 4. Purpose: It aids inthe identification of learning problems and helps in making more reliable and informed decisions in relation to the special education needs of children. Other uses include selecting students for accelerated educational programs, advising students as to probable success in college, and increasing effectiveness of vocational guidance decisions, for both students and adults.
- 5. History late 1920’s-Began inthe work undertaken by Cattell, sparked the precise scientific research of Charles Spearman into the nature and accurate measurement of intelligence. 1930-resulted in the publication of the Cattell Group and Inventory (particularly intended for use with children) were revised and recast into non-verbal form to diminish the unwanted and unnecessary effects of verbal fluency in the pure measurement of intelligence
- 6. History 1940-another revision ofthe test appeared. Items had become completely perceptual and were organized into 6 subtest, 3 of which have been retained in the present format. Of the 159 items analyzes, 72 of satisfactory validity and reliability were retained for the published edition 1949-another revision and adopted the format consisting of 4 subtest (Series, Classification, Matrices and Conditions) 1961-primary outcome of this revision were slight adjustments in the difficulty level and sequencing of few items. At the same time the few samples were expanded to achieve better national representation in the final tables.
- 7. Age/Range: Scale 1: 4to 8 years and older, mentally handicapped individuals Scale 2: 8-14 years and average adults Scale 3: 14 to college students and adults of superior intelligence Requirements for Purchase: Level B
- 8. Requirements for Purchase (PhilippinePsychological Corporation, 1995) LEVEL A- available if the person administering the tests had undergraduate courses in testing or psychometrics, or sufficient training and experience in test administration. LEVEL B- available only if the test administrator has completed an advanced level course in testing in a university, or its equivalent in training under the direction of a qualified superior or consultant LEVEL C- available only for use, by, or under the supervision of qualified psychologists, i.e. members of APA or the PAP or other persons with at least a Master’s Degree in psychology and at least one year experience under professional supervision
- 9. Reliability: Scale 1 =.91, Scale 2 = .87, Scale 3: Consistency Over • 0.85 Items (1477 M & F) high school-college students • 0.82 Length (402 M & F) high school-college students 0.82 Time (1323 M & F) high school-college students
- 10. Validity: Scale 3 ConceptValidity • Direct correlations with the pure intelligence factor (0.92), 702 male and female students Concrete Validity • Correlations with other tests of general intelligence including the OTIS, SAT, and Intelligence Structure Test (0.69), 673 male and females (students and young adults)
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- 12. Description of theSubtest: Subtest 1: Series- the individual is presented with an incomplete, progressive matrices. His task is to select, from among the choices provided, the answer which best continue the series.
- 13. Description of theSubtest: Subtest 2:Classifications- the individual is presented with 5 figures. In scale 2, he must select one which is different from the other four. In scale 3, he must correctly identify two figures which are in some way different from three others.
- 14. Description of theSubtest: Subtest 3: Matrices- the task is to correctly complete the design or matrix presented at the left of each row.
- 15. Description of theSubtest: Subtest 4: Conditions (topology), requires the individual to select, from the 5 choices provided, the one which duplicates the conditions given in the far left box. For example, the test taker must select the figure in which it is possible to place a dot that would lie outside the box but inside the circle. Only choice 3 meets theses requirements and is therefore the correct answer.
- 16. Administration Test 1. (3minutes) • At the left there are four little boxes. The last one is empty. Continuing along that row, you see six more boxes, marked a, b, c, d, e and f. of those six boxes, one will fit correctly in the empty box. (after 3 minutes, say STOP! Pencils down) Test 2. (4 minutes) • Three of the boxes in each example have shapes that are alike in some way, but the other two are different from these three. In each row, you are to find the two boxes that are different from the others. When you have found them, fill in on your answer sheet the two boxes that have the same letters under them as the answers you have chosen. (after 4 minutes, say STOP! Pencils down)
- 17. Administration Test 3. (3minutes) • In the large square, there are four little boxes. Three of the boxes have drawings in them, but the drawing for the other square is missing. One of the boxes in the row at the right fits correctly in the empty box. You are to choose the right one and mark the answer on your answer sheet. (after 3 minutes, say STOP! Pencils down) Test 4. (2.5 minutes) • In the separate square of the first example, there is dot which is in both the circle and the square. Now look at the five possible answers and see if you can find a drawing where you could put in one dot that will be inside both the circle and square. (after 2 and ½ minutes, say STOP! Pencils down)
- 18. Scoring: Hand Scoring Norms: For Scale1: Mental age and IQ norms. Scale 2 and Scale 3: Percentiles, by ages and IQs
- 19. Expected Distribution ofIQ scores
- 20. Percentile Classification 97-99 VerySuperior 90-96 Superior 75-89 Above Average 60-74 High Average 40-59 Average 10-23 Low Average 24-39 Below Average 4-9 Low 1-3 Very Low
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- 23. Sample Interpretation #3 The client garnered a “superior” score on the Culture Fair Intelligence Test, manifesting her aptitude to perform job-related tasks that involved cognitive ability. Sample Interpretation # 4 The client garnered a “low average” score on the Culture Fair Intelligence Test indicating her slight ineptness in perceiving relationships in shapes and in figures.
- 24. Sample Interpretation #5 Meanwhile, an “above average” score was obtained by the applicant on the Culture Fair Intelligence Tests which revealed her ability with different perceptual tasks that measure her composite non-verbal intelligence. Sample Interpretation # 6 The client garnered a “below average” score on the Culture Fair Intelligence Tests which signifies his ineptness in establishing relationships in shapes and in figures.
- 25. Sample Interpretation #7 The applicant falls on the “average” category on the Culture Fair Intelligence Tests, signifying her proficiency to execute job related tasks that involve cognitive ability as well as perceiving relationships in shapes and in figures. Sample Interpretation # 8 The client obtained a “High Average” score on the Culture Fair Intelligence Tests, signifying his adeptness to performed job related tasks that involved cognitive ability.
- 26. Criticism: Culture &IQ IQ tests have been criticized for being biased in favor of white, middle-class people. However, efforts to construct culture-free and culture-fair tests have been disappointing. Culture affects nearly everything to do with taking a test, from attitudes to problem-solving strategies. Negative stereotypes about a person’s ethnicity, gender, or age may cause the person to suffer stereotype threat, a burden of doubt about his or her own abilities, which can lead to anxiety or "disidentification" with the test.