Always wearing headphones
Teenagers
Stereotypesattached to teenagers include:
• Being Lazy
• Unhealthy (only eat junk food and sweets)
• Addicted to their phones and social media
• Always wearing headphones
• Dressing unprofessionally
• Going to parties and getting drunk
• Being rebellious/ breaking the law
• Moody and angry
• Dressing in dark colours
• Gossip and bullying
• Ungrateful
• Antisocial
• Always in their rooms
Image representations of teenagers that conform to
some of these stereotypes include:
4.
• The imageappears to show teenagers in conflict,
arguing or being confrontational.
• The mise-en-scene of the bodylanguage
present (raised hands, aggressive stances) and
facial expressions (anger, frustration) fixes a
hegemonic preferred meaning that teenagers are
moody, rebellious and antisocial.
• The outdoor, publicsetting suggests a loss of
respect, constructing a representation of teens are
emotionally volatile and disrespectful, having no
consideration for the public.
• A boy with headphones and a girl recording on her
phone are present; this not only conveys the
bulling and gossip but also conforms to the
stereotype that teenagers are addicted to
technology.
• Any signs of compassion are absent, suggesting
that teenagers can onlybemean and
unempathetic.
• Through camera positioning and framing, the
image encodes a hegemonic preferred meaning
that teenage behavior is problematic and
disruptive.
• This image constructs a representation of
teenagers as isolated and addicted to
technology.
• The mise-en-scene –presenting a dark
bedroom, the teenager lying alone,
illuminated by the glow of their phone –
visually encodes dependency on social
media.
• The fact that superimposed app icons are
present shows they act as symbolic codes
representing digital obsession.
• What is absent are any colours, or any
other person for social interaction,
conveying that teenagers like glooming,
depressing colours, and are very
independent.
• This fixes the preferred hegemonic
meaning of the stereotype that teenagers
are antisocial, lazy, and disconnected from
• This image shows a group of
teenagers at what appears to be a
party, possibly involving alcohol
(indicated by the girl throwing up in
the toilet).
• The costume having casual,
revealing and dark clothing suggest
that teenagers are unprofessional,
and their clothes represent them are
moody, rebellious and gloomy.
• The chaotic body language signifies
rebellion and lack of responsibility.
• This image fixes a hegemonic
preferred meaning that teenagers are
reckless, dangerous and morally
declining.
How I haveused
Media Language
to create the
counterstereoty
pe:
• My image acts as a
countertype to the negative
stereotypes of teenagers, by
representing them instead as
positive, sociable, and
emotionally expressive
individuals.
8.
Present, Absent,
Different
• Throughthe use of mise-en-scene, what is present are the teenagers' happy
facial expressions, smiling and indicating laughter, interacting face to face,
engaging in physical social interaction during a card game (shown with all
their hands in the center), therefore challenging the idea that young people
are isolated or glued to their phones.
• I have dressed them in either light or coloured casual but tidy clothing to
suggest personality and confidence rather than the dark or unprofessional
appearance often linked with teen culture.
• I have placed a 'Naked' drink bottle to be present on the table, a healthy
drink, to suggest that the teenagers are drinking it and therefore have healthy
habits to the audience, meanwhile what is absent is that there are no sweets
in the frame hiding their unhealthy habits.
• The photo was set in the 'common room/cafeteria' being a public area,
therefore rejecting the idea that teenagers only stay in their room, to suggest
authenticity to the audience as that would be a popular setting for the youth.
• The medium shot allows the audience to clearly see their facial expressions
and group dynamics. For example, how they have an open body language
with their proxemics close together at an equal height, suggesting that they
are close, friendly and connected, counter-typing the stereotype that
teenagers and moody and antisocial.
9.
Present, Absent,
Different
• Whatis different is that I have presented the
teenagers to be working together instead of them
arguing or isolated like their usual stereotypical
representation to challenge the hegemonic
stereotypes that teenagers are antisocial and
aggressive, rather than calm and responsible,
instead of reckless.
• At the same time this means that any digital
devices, confrontational body language and
irresponsible behavior (such as alcohol) are
absent, to avoid the support of the myth that
teenagers are addicted to their phones,
irresponsible, and argumentative.
10.
Anchoring Text
• Ihave selected a sans serif font in all capitals in a
maroon colour for "NOT DISTRACTED. UNITED." To make it
seem clear and factual to the audience.
• Meanwhile "Connection starts here" is more of a relaxed
and bubbly font in the colour yellow, as yellow has
connotations of joy and friendship – therefore again
challenging the idea of teenagers being antisocial and
moody.
• The anchoring text is curved upwards in a smile shape
(associated with happiness)to indicate and encode a
message to the audience that teenagers are happy and
friendly people.
• It is a hopeful text to juxtapose the gloomy negative
representation of teenagers.
• All of this, and everything else in the past few slides, fixes
a preferred hegemonic meaning to the audience that
teenagers dress appropriately, are healthy, happy, social,
respectable individuals.
11.
Men
Stereotypes about men:
•They can be dangerous, aggressive, tough
• It is emasculating for them to show
emotions - 'real' men don't cry.
• They should be self-sufficient and handle
their own problems
• Are the primary bread winners, being
successful in office jobs
• Are muscular and strong
• Play video games
• Don't partake in unmanly activities like
arts and crafts, cooking, knitting or
crocheting.
• Masculine clothing and colours only (no
pink).
• Proud to have multiple suitors
13.
• This imagereinforces the hegemonic
stereotype that men should bestrong,
tough, and physically dominant.
• Through mise-en-scene – gym
equipment, weights, and muscular
physique arepresent– masculinity is
encoded as something defined bypower
and discipline.
• His body language (focused, composed)
and costume present (athletic clothing,
dark colours) reflect the belief that male
identity is rooted in strength and control.
• Any soft colours are absent, indicating
that men must wear dark colours which
suggests they arepowerful.
• The lighting highlights his muscles,
symbolizing the idealized male body and
fixing a hegemonicpreferred meaning that
'real men' must be fit, powerful, and
emotionless.
• This image encodes the stereotype of men
as self-sufficient breadwinners who carry
responsibility and pressure in professional
settings.
• The mise-en-scene – office environment,
paperwork, and formal clothing present –
constructs a representation of men as
career-focused providers.
• His facial expression present(stress,
frustration) still reinforces restraint, as he
doesn't openly display vulnerability or
emotion.
• Any sense of comfort is absent suggesting
that men must deal with their emotions by
themselves.
• This image fixes a hegemonic preferred
meaning that men must be successful,
rational, and independent, and that a
man's value relies in work and
achievement and not expressing emotion.
• This image reinforces the stereotypethat men bond
through competition, leisure, and technology,
rather than emotional communication.
• The mise-en-scene present of a dark, relaxed
environmentwith gaming consoles and casual
clothing (absent from stereotypically feminine
colours such as pink, but rather a blue, red and a
darker colourscheme, suggesting that men must
wear darker colours to seemmore masculine)
represents men as playful, immature, and socially
connected through rivalry, absent from and
thereforerather than intimacy.
• The camera angleand group composition encode
camaraderie and energy, reinforcing theidea that
male friendship is based on shared hobbies not
vulnerability.
• Therefore, this fixes a hegemonic preferred
meaning that masculinity is tied to competitiveness
and the need to be the best.
How I haveused Media Language
to create the counterstereotype:
• In my image, I have used media language to construct a
counterstereotype that challenges the traditional stereotypes
of masculinity.
17.
Present, Absent,
Different
• Bypresenting what is different as a man engaged in a creative activity such as
crocheting, the image subverts the dominant ideology that men should only
display strength, aggression, or competitiveness.
• According to Stuart Hall's theory of representation, media texts do not simply
reflect reality but construct meanings through choices in media language, and I
have encoded a representation of masculinity that values creativity, patience, and
sensitivity.
• The mise-en-scene reinforces this through presenting soft colours, a pink shirt,
and props like yarn and crafts, all of which are traditionally feminine but here are
recontextualized to show that "Skill has no gender".
• He is wearing a hairband on his wrist and has a photograph on his shelf of him and
who is hinted to be his girlfriend. This conveys that he is open about being in a
relationship, counter-stereotyping the idea that men prefer to have multiple
suitors/admirers and avoid commitment.
18.
Present, Absent,
Different
• Thereis also a card in the background, likely filled with heartfelt word,
portraying how men should not be afraid to show emotion.
• What is also different is how the medium shot draws the viewers into the
subject's activity, focusing on his concentration rather than his physical
dominance, while the soft natural lighting creates a warm authentic
atmosphere that opposes the harsh dramatic lighting often used to represent
traditional masculine power.
• This warm lighting also suggests to the audience that men should be warm
and welcoming, and kind and gentle, juxtaposing the stereotype that men are
dangerous and aggressive.
• His soft relaxed posture being present also reinforces this, with the signifier
constructing masculinity to be gentle, with him being emotionally soft,
different to the usual emotional restraint that would be representative of
men, again encoding a message to the audience that men should be
vulnerable and not hide their emotions.
• All of this is present in a domestic, personal environment, fixing a hegemonic
preferred meaning that masculinity should be thoughtful, expressive and
creative, with any gym, muscles or physical dominance, aggressive behavior,
or work-stress being absent deliberately challenging the 'strong man,'
breadwinner, and tough, reckless, emotionless stereotypes.
19.
Anchoring Text
• Theanchoring text "Redefining Masculinity" and
"Skill has no gender" fixes the preferred
hegemonic meaning by guiding the audience to
interpret the image as a celebration of inclusive and
modern masculinity, counter-typing males to be
patient, kind, creative rather than just
'breadwinners', thoughtful and vulnerable.
• I have chosen a serif font as it is effortlessly
elegant (stereotypically emasculating) rather than a
sans serif which is bold and strong (stereotypically
masculine) to suggest that men too can be gentle
and elegant. It is glowing to grab the audience's
attention.
• It is curved upwards to suggest a smile-shape to
encourage the idea that men should show emotion.