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Understanding camera lenses
Camera lenses have different focal lengths that determine their usage and the type of subjects they are suited for. Standard lenses around 50mm are general purpose lenses, wide angle lenses between 10-40mm can capture wide panoramas and interiors, and telephoto lenses over 70mm are used for portraits and sports from a distance. Other specialty lenses include fisheye, macro, tilt-shift, and zoom lenses.
In this document
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An overview of camera lenses and their importance in photography.
Explanation of focal length and its significance in determining lens characteristics.
Discussion of lens ratio, specifically the maximum aperture of camera lenses.
Details on the standard lens, typically a 50mm lens used for general photography.
Introduction to wide angle lenses ranging from 10mm to 40mm for capturing expansive scenes.
Description of telephoto lenses starting at 70mm, useful for distant subject photography.
Overview of zoom lenses enabling variable focal lengths for versatile shooting options.
Characteristics and applications of fisheye lenses that create unique wide images.
Introduction to macro lenses designed for extreme close-up photography.
Explanation of tilt-shift lenses used for perspective control and creative compositions.
Includes a detailed chart correlating various focal lengths with lens types and typical subjects.
Explanation of crop factor and its impact on focal length and lens usage.
Introduction to F-stop, its role in exposure and photography.
Further detail on F-stop implications regarding lens performance and image quality.
Overview of various characteristics that define lens performance in photography.
Discussion on lens distortion and its effects on image quality.
Continued examination of lens distortion types and how they impact photography.
Explanation of lens diffraction and its effects when light passes through small apertures.
Discussion on bokeh quality in photography and the aesthetic effects of background blur.
Understanding camera lenses
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- 3. The Lens Ratio whichis the maximum aperture of the lens.
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- 5. Wide Angle Lens(10-40)
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- 11. Focal Length LensType Common Subjects 8mm - 24mm Ultra wide angle (fisheye) Wide panoramas and skyscapes, artistic 24mm - 35mm Wide angle Interiors, architecture, landscapes 35mm - 85mm (50mm common) Standard General purpose 85mm - 135mm Short telephoto Portraits, candid 135mm - 300mm Medium telephoto Close sports, action 300mm+ Super telephoto Far sports, wildlife, nature, astronomy
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- 24. Lens Diffraction light beginsto disperse or "diffract" when passing through a small opening (such as your camera's aperture)
- 27. Bokeh the quality ofout-of-focus or “blurry” parts of the image rendered by a camera lens A good bokeh pleases our eyes and our perception of the image and therefore, the background blur should appear soft and “creamy”, with smooth round circles of light and no hard edges. The shape of the reflected light in out of focus areas depends on the lens diaphragm