Teacher preparations

TEACHERPREPRATION
Presented to:
Dr. Pallavi Pathania
Assistant Professor
Medical Surgical Nursing
Shimla Nursing College
Presented by:
Shubhra Sharma
M.sc.(Nursing) 1st year
Shimla Nursing College
Annandale, Shimla

STUDENTS WILL
FORGET MOST OF
WHAT YOU TEACH
THEM, BUT WILL
REMEMBER HOW
YOU MADE THEM
FEEL IN YOUR
CLASS!

INDEX
3
Sr.No. Content
1 Introduction
2 Definition
3 Purposes /Guidelines of teacher preparation
4 Teaching Method used for teacher preparation
5 Component of teaching skills
6 Professional attributes
7 Role of teacher in education
8 Activity
9 Professional association and unions
10 Summary and Conclusion
11 Reffrences

INTRODUCTION
Teacher education TE (TE) or teacher training refers to
the policies, procedures, and provision designed to
equip teachers with the knowledge, attitudes, behaviours,
and skills they require to perform their tasks effectively in
the classroom, school, and wider community.

CONTD….
The professionals who engage in training the
prospective teachers are called teacher educators or
teacher trainers.
Teacher educators are usually involved in the initial
or ongoing education of each teacher about all aspect
of teaching

TEACHER
A teacher (also called
an educator) is a person who
helps students to
acquire knowledge, competence
or virtue

TEACHER EDUCATION
A programme of education, research and training of persons to teach from
pre-primary to higher education level.
-(National Council for Teacher Education)

CONTD….
Teacher education encompasses teaching skills, sound pedagogical
theory and professional skills.
(W.H. Kilpatrick)
Teacher Education = Teaching Skills +
Pedagogical skills + Professional skills.

NATURE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
1) Teacher education is a continuous process
2) Teacher education is broad and comprehensive
3) It is evolving and dynamic
4) The crux of the entire process of teacher education lies in its
curriculum, design, structure, organization and transaction modes

OBJECTIVES OF TEACHER
PREPRATION
Imparting an adequate knowledge of subject- matter
Developing pedagogic skills
 Acquire understanding of child psychology

CONTD…
Developing proper attitudes towards teaching
Developing self-confidence in the teachers
Enabling teachers to make proper use of instructional
facilities

IMPORTANCE OF TEACHER TRAINING
"If you educate a boy, you
educate one individual. If you
educate a girl, you educate the
whole family and if you
educate a teacher, you educate
the whole community."

(i) Better Understanding of the Student
(ii) Building Confidence
(iii) Using Methodology of Teaching
(iv) Building favourable Attitude
IMPORTANCE OF TEACHER TRAINING

(v) Familiarizing with the Latest in Education
(vi) Making familiar with School organization
(vii) Creating social Insight
(viii) Improving Standards
CONTD…

COMPONENTS OF
TEACHER
EDUCATION

1
• CATEGORY-A
2
• CATEGORY-B
3
• CATEGORY-C
CATEGORIES ACCORDING TO NEED FOR
TEACHER PREPRATION

TYPES OF TEACHER EDUCATION
PROGRAMMES
Pre-primary teacher education
Primary teacher education
Secondary teacher education
Higher education programmes
Vocational Teachers Training

1. PRE-PRIMARY TEACHER EDUCATION
Qalification: Higher Secondary, One
Year

2. PRIMARY TEACHER EDUCATION
Qalification: higher secondary,
two years

3. SECONDARY TEACHER EDUCATION
Qalification: graduation, one year

4. Higher education programmes
Qalification: One-year M.Ed. Course, Two-year M. A
in Education, Two-year Ph.D. course after M.Ed./M.A.

5. VOCATIONAL TEACHERS TRAINING
Qalification: One-year Diploma in Physical Education (DPE),
Training courses to prepare teachers of Music, Dancing, Painting and
Fine Arts, One-year training course to prepare teachers for Home
Science, Certificate courses in Arts & Crafts

GUIDELINES FOR TEACHER
PREPRATION
Building additional capacity for preparing teachers
Training of untrained teachers
Financial support by the Central Government
Recruitment policy for teachers

CHALLENGES IN TEACHER
EDUCATION
1. Several types of teacher education institutions thereby lacking in
uniformity.
2. Poor standards with respect to resources for colleges of education.
3. Unhealthy financial condition of the colleges of education
4. Incompetent teacher educators resulting in deficiency of scholars.
5. Improper selection of the candidates (student teachers) to be
admitted.

CONTD….
6. Traditional curriculum and teaching methods of teaching in
the teacher education programme.
7. Haphazard and improper organization of teacher education.
8. Unplanned and insufficient co-curricular activities.
9. Inadequate duration of the teacher programme.
10. Feedback mechanisms lacking.

TEACHER EDUCATION IN INDIA
• Teacher education is provided by
several Universities, affiliated
colleges, private and open Universities
in India.

CONTD….
• The Teacher Education Policy in India is based on
recommendations contained in various Reports of
Committees/Commissions on Education:
– the Kothari Commission (1966)
– the Chattopadyay Committee (1985)
– the National Policy on Education (NPE 1986/92)
– and the National Curriculum Framework (NCF, 2005)

AIMS OF TEACHER EDUCATION IN INDIA
• To enhance the institutional capacity available at present for
ensuring the adequate supply of trained teachers for all levels of
school education.
• To utilize all possible kinds of institutions for inservice training of
the existing cadre at all levels.

•To bring about synergy between institutional structures operating at
different levels
•To facilitate co-operation and collaboration between institutes of
teacher training and colleges
• To envision a comprehensive model of teacher education
• To prepare a curriculum policy and framework for teacher education
CONTD….

LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK

LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK
• Broad policy and legal framework on teacher education is
provided by the Central Government
• Implementation of various programmes and schemes are
undertaken largely by state governments.

OBJECTIVES
• Within the broad objective of improving the learning achievements of
school children, the twin strategy is to:
– Prepare teachers for the school system (pre-service training).
– Improve capacity of existing school teachers (in-service training).

FOR PRE-SERVICE TRAINING
• The national council of teacher education (NCTE), body of the
central government , work plan under NCTE are:
•Plan and coordinate development of teacher education in the
country.
• Set norms and standards for various teacher education courses
• Grants recognition to institutions

FOR IN-SERVICE TRAINING
•Teacher training institutions (TTIs), provide in-service training
to the school teachers.
• At the national level:
The national council of educational research and training
(NCERT)
National university on educational planning and
administration (NUEPA).

CONTD….
•At the state level:
State Councils of Educational Research and Training (SCERTs)
Colleges of Teacher Education (CTEs)
Institutes for Advanced Learning in Education (IASEs)
• At the district level:
District Institutes of Education and Training (DIETs)

TEACHER’S EDUCATION IN 1947-1990s
• National council of educational research and training (NCERT) was
formed, and this body regulated the education of teachers.
• In 1974, national council for teacher education was Established, this
was a part of NCERT.
• By 1990’s this profession had become popular with opening of
several private schools and colleges and improved salary structure in
both government and private schools.

TEACHER EDUCATION IN 21ST CENTURY
• A lot of planning and resource has been spent on education in
India and at the same time for improving the quality of education.
• A lot of stress is given on teacher training course in India; due to
loopholes in the system incompetent teachers get recruited.

NEWLY VISUALIZED TEACHER EDUCATION
PROGRAM
– Emphasizes learning as a self-learning participatory
process
–Evolving proper educative programme
– Views the learner as an active participative person in
learning.

CONTD…
– Views the teacher as a facilitator, supporting,
encouraging Learner‘s learning.
– Does not treat knowledge as fixed, static or confined
in books
– Emphasizes that appraisal in such an educative
process

TEACHING METHODS
USED FOR TEACHER
PREPRATION

TEACHING METHOD
 A teaching method stands for the effective presentation of the
specific contents of a subject in such a way as may be properly
grasped and understood by the students.

GUIDELINES FOR LESSON PLAN
Introduction to the topic and activities
Directions for task
Sequencing, pacing, timing
Oral testing techniques( student talk and teacher talk)
Gauging difficulty

GUIDELINES FOR PPT
Templates can be used
For headlines font size can be 32 or larger
For text font size can be 18 or larger
Ideal font size -28-34
Colour combinations should be legible

Contd….
Simple fonts should be used that are easy to read
Logos and banners should be minimal
Maximum of 33 words
Per slide four bullet points of five words each

•It should be planned
•Purposes should be defined
•Equipments should be placed in order
•Demonstration should be quick
•Demonstration should be intrusting
•Student participation to be enhanced
GUIDELINES FOR DEMONSTRATION

Number of participants should be 8-15 participants
Speaker should be visible to all the participants
Proper Listening
Disagree in polite way
Respond to each other nicely
GUIDELINES FOR DISCUSSION

STAGES OF TEACHER PREPRATION
Early idealism
Personal survival
Dealing with difficulties
Hitting a plateau
Moving on

TEACHER’S EDUCATION:
EXPANSION

 In the last few years, facilities for training teachers have
grown manifold.
The number of trained teachers has risen from 5% 1951 to 38%
in1971
The number of trained teachers has risen because of expansion
in facilities and compulsory training pre requisite for teaching
profession.
1.TRAINING ACTIVITIES

• An in-service program is a
professional training or staff
development effort, where
professionals are trained and discuss
their work with others in their peer
group.
2. IN-SERVICE TRAINING

3.EDUCATIONAL
QUALIFILICATION
• In order to make school education
effective, it is essential to keep in
view the educational qualification of
teachers.

4.AFFILIATION OF
INSTITUTIONS
• The standard of training must
also be improved affiliation
should be offered to them when
fulfil all the necessary conditions
and requirements of the
institutions.

5.CURRICULUM
REFORMS
Reform of the curriculum is an important step
in this direction.
The teachers should have knowledge of
teaching method, including content
knowledge.
 the teachers should have the cooperation
and assistance of institutions and schools

6. CRITERIA FOR
ADMISSION
•Clearly specified criteria for admission to training
institutions should be designed and laid down, the
basis for which should be general mental ability as
well as educational achievements.

7.TRAINING OF
UNTREATED TEACHERS
A training course of 1 or 2 years for teachers with less than 8
years experience and > 35 years of age
Correspondence courses along with the necessary practical
training for the teachers with more than 8 years of experience and
above 35 years of age.

8. ORGANIZATION OF
TEACHERS EDUCATION
•The teachers training programme should be
organized in the best possible way.
•For this autonomous state teachers training
council should be brought into existence

PROFFESIONAL
TEACHER
“Professional teacher is the licensed professional who possess
dignity and reputation with high moral values as well as
technical and professional competence. She/he adheres to
observes, and practices a set of ethical and moral principles,
standards and values.”

PROFESSIONALATTRIBUTES
Professional attribute means the qualities or
characteristics of a professional individual
including teaches that has to be maintained by a
professional.

1.
• Gain an insight on the attributes
2.
• To put ownself in the field of teaching
3.
• Applying the attributes
OBJECTIVES

ATTRIBUTES OF PROFESSIONAL
TEACHERS
Control knowledge base of teaching and learning
Repertoire of best teaching practice
Skills to approach all aspects in problem-solving
manner.
View learning as a lifelong process and using skills for
improving teaching schools.

Positive
Communicative
Dependable
Personable Organised
Committed
Motivational
Compassionate Flexible
Individual
perspective
Valuebased
Knowledgeable Creative
Patient
Sense of
humour
PROFESSIONALATTRIBUTES

POSITIVE
Thinks positively and enthusiastically
about people and what they are
capable of becoming.

COMMUNICATIVE
Shares with others in a manner that
encourages effective two way
communication

DEPENDABLE
Honest and authentic in working
withothers.

PERSONABLE
Establishes and maintains positive
mutual working relationships.

ORGANIZED
•Makes efficient use of time and
moves in a planned and systematic
direction.

COMMITTED
Demonstrates commitment for
students and the profession and is
self-confident, poised and
personally in control of situations.

MOTIVATIONAL
Enthusiastic with standards and
expectations for students and self.

COMPASSIONATE
Caring, empathetic and able to
respond to people at a feeling level.

FLEXIBLE
 Willing to alter plans and directions in
a manner which assists people in moving
toward theirgoals.

INDIVIDIUAL
PERCEPTIVE
Sees each student as a unique
and valuable individual.

VALUE BASED
Focuses upon the worth and dignity of
human beings.

KNOWLEDGEABLE
Is in a constant quest for
knowledge.

CREATIVE
Versatile
Innovative
open to newideas.

PATIENT
Deliberate in comingto
conclusions.

SENSE OF HUMOUR
Knows how to take the tension out
of tight situations.

STRATEGIES FOR CLASSROOM
MANAGEMENT
• To achieve desired goal
Planning
• Align rules and procedures with
teaching strategies
Organization
• Communication should be effective
Communication
• Create learning environment that
encourage social interaction
Motivation
• Monitoring the activities
Monitoring

PROFESSIONAL
ASSOCIATION AND UNIONS

INTRODUCTION
Regulatory agencies are usually part of executive branch of government,
or they have statutory authority to perform their functions with oversight
from legislative branch.
They are set up to enforce standards and safety, their actions are generally
open to legal review
109

CONTD….
A professional association is usually
a non profit organization seeking to
further a particular profession, the
interests of individuals engaged in
that profession and the public
interest.
110

ASSOCIATION
"A group of people in a learned occupation
who are entrusted with maintaining control or
oversight of the legitimate practice of the
occupation;"
112

An association is regarded as the organization
that brings members of the same profession
together for the exchange of information &
experience & for the advancement of their
profession.
PROFESSIONALASSOCIATION
113

OBJECTIVES
•To understand the role of professional organisations in
empowering nurses in their emerging professionalism.
• To discuss the functions of each professional
organisations.
115

CONTD…..
•Discuss importance of self-assertiveness in
safeguarding profession.
•Study the vast scope of collective bargaining in
nursing profession.
116

Associations have the members of the same profession.
They form associations to meet periodically & discuss their
problems & share experiences.
They remain in touch with administrative officials, political
leaders, etc
FEATURES OF ASSOSSIATIONS
118

REGULATORY BODIES
A regulatory body is a public authority or
government agency responsible for
exercising autonomous authority over some
area of human activity in a regulatory or
supervisory capacity.
119

International Council Of Nurses (ICN)
American Nurses Association (ANA)
Canadian Nurses Association (CNA)
Australian Nurses And Midwives Association
British Nurses Association
121

Indian Nursing Council
Trained Nursing Association Of India (TNAI)
State Nursing Council
State Medical Health Universities
123

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSES
124

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF NURSES
Founded in 1899, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland
World’s first largest international organization for health
Represents 16 million international nurses
130 national nurses organization

GOALS
To bring nursing together worldwide
To advance nurses and nursing worldwide
To influence health policy.

OBJECTIVES
Sound health policies
Quality nursing care for all
Advancement of nursing knowledge
Competent & satisfied workforce

CORE VALUES
•Visionary Leadership
•Inclusiveness
•Flexibility
•Partnership
•Achievement
130

BOARD OF DIRECTORS
•ICN governed by 16 member board of directors
•Board meets every year
131

PUBLICATIONS
•International Nursing Review
•Health and Well being of Women
•Incentive for health professionals
132

AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION
•Founded in 1896, based in Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
•Represents RNs of USA
•Professional organization to advance and protect nursing
profession
134

FUNCTIONS
Policy development
Organizations partnership
Publications and Newsletters
The American Nurse
American Nurse Today
135

INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL(INC)
AIM
•To establish a uniform standard of training for nurses
midwives and health visitors
•INC is a regulatory body for nurses and nursing
education in India
•It is an autonomous body under the Government of
India, Ministry of Health and Family Affairs

PURPOSES
Uniform
Standards Of
Education
Nurses
Registration
Registration Of
Foreign Nurses
Indian
Nursing
Register

FUNCTIONS OF INC
Prescribe Syllabi Implement Syllabi
Inspection Of School And
Colleges Of Nursing
Inspection Of Exam
Centres
Maintain Indian Nurses
Register
Withdrawl Of Recognition

TRAINED NURSING ASSOCIATION 0F
INDIA(TNAI)
Formed in 1908 at Delhi, India
It is a National body of practitioners of nursing at various levels
It is a professional association of nurses
Affiliated to Commonwealth Nurses Federation

AIMS OF TNAI
1. Upgrading, development and standardization of
nursing education
2. Registration for
qualified nurses
3. Improvement of living
and working conditions of
nurses in India

ACTIVITIES
Conferences CNE Publications
Nursing
regulations
scholarship

Maintains register of names of professional nurses of their
state
These names are also maintained in the Indian Nurses
Register by INC
STATE NURSING COUNCIL

FUNCTIONS OF STATE NURSING
COUNCIL
Recognition of
school and
colleges
Conduct
examination
Prescribe rules Maintain registers

UNION
Union is a continuing, long term association of
employees, formed & maintained for the specific
purpose advancing & protecting the interests of
members in their working relationships with the
employers.
146

CONTD….
It is continuous association
of wage earners for the
purpose maintaining &
improving the condition of
their working lives.
147

Solving economic, social, political & psychological
problems of the employees.
Secure the better wages, better working conditions.
Enhance self respect & dignity.
Fulfill social needs, stability of employment & other
problems during service.
PURPOSES OF UNIONS
148

CENTRAL LEVEL UNIONS
•All India Government Nurses Federation (AIGNF)
•Trained Nurses’ Union (TNU) and
•Trained Nurses Association of India (TNAI)
150

STATE LEVEL UNIONS
 Orissa Nursing Employee’s Association (ONEA),
 Trained Nurses Association of India, Orissa
branch
United nurse association (UNA)
151

SUMMARY
Introduction
Definition
Purposes of teacher preparation
Guidelines for teacher preparation
Teaching Method used for teacher preparation
Component of teaching skills
Professional attributes
Role of teacher in education
International regulatory bodies
Indian regulatory bodies

CONCLUSION
Teaching is an art for which its important to provide
effective teacher education, addressing concrete issues
such as how to attract and retain the best candidates, how
to ensure the relevance of teacher education programmes
and how to better exploit the potential of new
technologies and resources .

REFFRENCES
•https://study.com/teacher_preparation_programs.html
•https://www.edweek.org/topics/teacherpreparation/index.html
•https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacher_education
•https://www.nap.edu/read/12882/chapter/5
•“Raj Bhaskara Elakkuvana D”, “Nursing Education”, “Jaypee
publications” ,“ 4th edition” “Page no 86-89”

RECAPTULIZATION
•Enlist international agencies
• Roles of educator in teacher preparation
•What are the reforms in teacher preparation

ASSIGNMENT
•Enlist professional teachers attributes
•What are the challenges in teacher education
•Enlist the state nursing regulatory bodies
162

“Let us think of education as the means of
developing our greatest abilities, because in each of
us there is a private hope and dream which, fulfilled,
can be translated into benefit for everyone and
greater strength for our nation.”
John F. Kennedy

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