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Medical_ mbbs Entomology_20_Slides.pptx mbbs
- 1. Medical Entomology An Overviewof Medically Important Insects and Arthropods
- 2. Introduction to Medical Entomology •• Medical entomology is the study of insects and arthropods that impact human health. • • Includes vectors of diseases, venomous arthropods, and pests. • • Plays a crucial role in understanding disease transmission and control measures.
- 3. Importance of MedicalEntomology • • Identifies vectors responsible for disease transmission. • • Helps in vector control and surveillance programs. • • Aids in development of public health policies. • • Contributes to the understanding of epidemiology and disease ecology.
- 4. Major Insect Vectorsand Diseases • • Mosquitoes – Malaria, Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, Yellow fever • • Sandflies – Leishmaniasis • • Tsetse flies – African sleeping sickness • • Fleas – Plague • • Lice – Typhus • • Ticks – Lyme disease, Tick-borne encephalitis
- 5. Life Cycle ofMosquito • • Egg – Laid on water surface. • • Larva – Aquatic and active. • • Pupa – Aquatic and non-feeding. • • Adult – Emerges from pupal case, capable of flight and disease transmission.
- 6. Vector Control Measures •• Environmental control – Source reduction, drainage. • • Biological control – Use of predators or pathogens. • • Chemical control – Insecticides, larvicides. • • Personal protection – Mosquito nets, repellents. • • Community education and participation.
- 7. Conclusion • • Medicalentomology is essential for public health. • • Understanding vector biology aids in disease prevention. • • Integrated vector management is key to sustainable control.
- 8. Classification of Insectsof Medical Importance • • Order Diptera – Mosquitoes, flies • • Order Siphonaptera – Fleas • • Order Phthiraptera – Lice • • Order Hemiptera – Bed bugs • • Order Hymenoptera – Wasps, bees, ants • • Order Coleoptera – Beetles (some species)
- 9. Mosquito Genera andAssociated Diseases • • Anopheles – Malaria • • Aedes – Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, Yellow fever • • Culex – Japanese Encephalitis, Filariasis • • Mansonia – Filariasis
- 10. Anopheles vs Aedesvs Culex • • Resting posture, breeding sites, biting time • • Anopheles – Horizontal resting, clean water, night biter • • Aedes – Steep resting, clean stagnant water, day biter • • Culex – Hunch-backed resting, polluted water, night biter
- 11. Lice and AssociatedDiseases • • Pediculus humanus capitis – Head lice • • Pediculus humanus corporis – Body lice: Epidemic typhus • • Phthirus pubis – Pubic lice • • Spread through close contact or shared items
- 12. Fleas and DiseaseTransmission • • Important vector: Xenopsylla cheopis • • Transmits Plague and Murine typhus • • Characteristics: Wingless, jumping ability, laterally compressed body
- 13. Sandflies and Leishmaniasis •• Genus: Phlebotomus • • Transmit Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar), Sandfly fever • • Weak fliers, found in dark, humid environments • • Control through residual spraying and environmental management
- 14. Tsetse Fly andSleeping Sickness • • Genus: Glossina • • Vector of Trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness) • • Found in sub-Saharan Africa • • Control includes traps, insecticide spraying
- 15. Bed Bugs • •Species: Cimex lectularius • • Feed on human blood at night • • Cause itching, allergic reactions, insomnia • • Control includes heat treatment, pesticides
- 16. Ticks and Mites •• Ticks: Transmit Lyme disease, Tick-borne encephalitis, RMSF • • Mites: Cause scabies, scrub typhus • • Both are arachnids (not insects)
- 17. Arboviral Infections • •Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya – Aedes • • Japanese Encephalitis – Culex • • Yellow fever – Aedes • • West Nile Virus – Culex • • Prevention through vector control and vaccination (where available)
- 18. Emerging Vector-Borne Diseases •• Zika Virus • • Chikungunya resurgence • • Urban malaria • • Climate change impact on vector distribution
- 19. Vector Surveillance Methods •• Larval surveys • • Adult mosquito trapping (light traps, bait traps) • • Insecticide resistance monitoring • • Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing
- 20. Future of MedicalEntomology • • Use of genetically modified mosquitoes • • Artificial intelligence in vector surveillance • • Integrated vector management (IVM) • • Global collaboration and public awareness campaigns