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How To Identify Optimized Gemstones_.pptx
The document is a comprehensive guide on identifying optimized gemstones, detailing various instruments and methods for gemstone authentication and treatment detection. It covers tools such as magnifying glasses, microscopes, refractometers, and spectroscopes, as well as tests for determining gemstone density and reactions to ultraviolet light. The guide emphasizes visual inspection, optical property measurement, and the importance of proper handling of instruments to ensure accurate observations.
How To Identify Optimized Gemstones_.pptx
- 1. How To IdentifyOptimized Gemstones? - A Guide To The Instruments And Equipment Used In The Identification And Its Operation Process Get entire article, please visit: https://sobling.jewelry/optimizing-the-identification-instruments-and-key-points-for-gem- processing/
- 2. CONTENTS 05 01 Methods and Stepsfor Identifying Optimized Treated Gemstones 02 Magnifying glass 03 Gem Microscopes and Their Applications 04 Refractometer Gemstone spectroscope 06 Determination of Gemstone Density 07 Identification of Long - wave and Short - wave Ultraviolet Light 08 Chelsea Color Filter 09 Application of Large Instruments in the Identification of Gemstone Optimization Treatment
- 3. 01 Methods and Stepsfor Identifying Optimized Treated Gemstones
- 4. Common detection methodsand steps Visually inspect gemstones to identify properties like color, shape, and inclusions under light. Use magnification to examine gemstones' internal and external features for authenticity. Measure optical properties to distinguish gemstones and identify treatments. 02 01 03 Physical and chemical tests can reveal gemstone treatments and authenticity. Employ advanced instruments for identifying optimally treated gemstones. 04 05
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- 6. Magnifying glass Handheld MagnifyingGlass Structure The Function of Magnifying Glasses Convex lens is commonly used. Simple single-lens magnifying glasses are for low magnification, while doublet and triplet lenses offer higher magnification without distortion, and quality can be assessed by minimal graph paper edge distortion. Essential for closely examining gemstones' characteristics, such as inclusions and growth patterns, and require proper handling to ensure accurate observation. Handheld Magnifying Glass
- 7. 03 Gem Microscopes and TheirApplications
- 8. The standard forgemstone identification, featuring an integrated light source and observation from above. Allows lateral observation of gems with a separate light source and magnification system, and is notable for its use of oil immersion for internal structure examination. Vertical Microscope Horizontal Microscope Types and Structure of Gem Microscopes Gem Microscope (Vertical) Gem microscopes provide clearer observation of small inclusions than magnifying glasses due to their higher magnification and stability.
- 9. Illumination of GemMicroscopes
- 10. Illumination of GemMicroscopes Darkfield technique Polarized light source illumination method Common Illumination Methods for Gem Microscopes
- 11. Facilitate the observationof internal gem features by reducing surface reflections and should ideally have properties matching the gemstone, including refractive index, density, and being non-toxic and transparent. An immersion liquid with a refractive index close to the gem is essential for observing its internal features. Avoid using immersion liquids with porous, organic gems, and assembled gem cements. Gems immersed in liquids like α-naphthalene chloride and dichloromethane should be cleaned due to their strong odor. When adjusting focus, prevent the objective lens from touching the immersion liquid or being affected by its vapor. The upright microscope positions the immersion tank under the objective lens and above the light source, with observation times kept reasonable. Immersion liquids in gemstone microscopes Precautions for using the immersion solution Common immersion liquids used in gem microscopy Refractive indices of various immersion liquids Name of immersion liquid Refractive index Water 1.33 Turpentine 1.47 Glycerin 1.47 Naphthalene chloride 1.63 Liquid paraffin 1.47 Diiodomethane 1.74
- 12. When adjusting thefocal length of the objective lens, raise and lower the tube slowly to avoid a sudden drop that could scratch or crush the objective lens against the gem. 02 When observing gems’ internal and external features, choose an appropriate light source. Generally, transmitted light is used for observing internal features, while reflected light is used for external features. 01 Precautions for Using a Gem Microscope Keep the microscope clean; do not touch the lens with your fingers, and use lens paper to wipe it. 03 After using the microscope, turn off the power, adjust the objective lens to the lowest position, and cover the microscope afterward. 04
- 13. The Role ofGem Microscopes in Gem Identification 01 The Reflection Light Method distinguishes between internal inclusions and external features by observing clarity differences when the gemstone's surface is in focus. 02 The Focal Plane Method identifies internal inclusions by keeping the gem's surface in clear focus and noting when inclusions become unclear. 03 The Swinging Method differentiates surface from internal features by observing the amplitude of movement when the gem is rotated under focused observation. In gem identification, internal features have a greater impact on gemstone quality than surface features, and various microscopic techniques can be used to differentiate between them.
- 14. The Role ofGem Microscopes in Gem Identification
- 15. The Role ofGem Microscopes in Gem Identification Gemstone twins Growth textures on the surfaces of different mineral crystals
- 16. The Role ofGem Microscopes in Gem Identification Microscopic characteristics of ruby composite stone and opal composite stone Partial peeling of the surface coating Dyed jadeite—"blood streak jade" characteristics under a microscope
- 17. The Role ofGem Microscopes in Gem Identification
- 18. The Role ofGem Microscopes in Gem Identification Arc - shaped growth patterns in rubies synthesized by the flame fusion method Veil - like inclusions in synthetic emeralds using the flux method Water ripple features in synthetic emeralds using the hydrothermal method
- 19. The Role ofGem Microscopes in Gem Identification Characteristics of three - phase inclusions in Colombian emeralds Identification of traditionally filled rubies: Bubbles and refractive index differences Dyed crystal
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- 21. Optical principle diagramof the gem refractometer Refractometer The gemstone refractometer measures refractive index based on total internal reflection, requiring smooth surfaces and is inapplicable for organic, porous gems, or those with a refractive index above 1.78.
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- 24. Gemstone spectroscope Common Spectroscopesfor Gem Identification (Diffraction Grating Type) Construction diagram of the prism direct - view spectrometer Comparison of spectral line characteristics of different types of spectrometers Structure diagram of the grating spectrometer
- 25. Color - causingions in gemstones and their applicable range Gemstones display color due to the absorption of light by color-causing ions, and spectrometry can identify these elements, being particularly useful for colored gemstones. Absorption Spectrum of Chromium Ion Colored Gemstones Absorption spectrum of Iron Ion colored gemstones Absorption spectrum of Cobalt Ion colored gemstones Absorption spectrum of other common gemstones Such as rubies and emeralds, exhibit similar yet distinct absorption spectra with characteristic lines in the red, blue, and purple regions. Like sapphires and almandine have unique absorption spectra with specific narrow bands in the blue and yellow-green regions. Including synthetic blue spinel and cobalt glass, show strong absorption bands in the green, yellow, and orange-yellow regions. Such as diamonds and zircons, have specific absorption lines, like the 415nm line for diamonds and the 653.5nm line for colorless zircons.
- 26. Color - causingions in gemstones and their applicable range Absorption spectrum lines of chromium ion - colored gemstones Absorption spectrum lines of iron ion - colored gemstones Absorption spectrum lines of cobalt ion - colored gemstones Absorption spectrum lines of other common gemstones
- 27. Absorption spectrum characteristicsof Optimization treated gemstones Comparison of absorption spectra of natural green jade and dyed jade
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- 29. Determination of GemstoneDensity The density of gemstones is determined using the hydrostatic weighing method based on Archimedes' principle, which equates the buoyant force to the weight of displaced liquid and allows for density calculation using the sample's mass in air and water. ρ = ρ0 * m/(m-m1) ρ : the density of the sample at room temperature, g/cm3 m: the mass of the sample in air, g m1 :the mass of the sample in the liquid medium, g ρ0 : the density of the liquid medium, g/cm3 Testing principle Test Steps Precautions Equipment includes a balance, glass beaker, wooden stand, and copper wire. Clean the gem, measure its mass in air, submerge it in water to measure its mass, and calculate relative density using the formula. When determining relative density, ensure the gem is non-absorbent, avoid bubbles and disturbances, handle gently, maintain a quiet environment, account for sample size limitations, and round results to two decimal places.
- 30. Determination of GemstoneDensity Relative Densities of Common Heavy Liquids Heavy liquid name Relative density Diluent Dilution range Bromomethane 2.89 Benzene, dimethylbenzene, bromonaphthalene 2.5 - 2.88 Tetrabromoethane 2.95 Dimethylbenzene 2.67 - 2.95 Duriel's solution 3.19 Water 2.2 - 3.19 Diiodomethane 3.34 Benzene, dimethylbenzene 3.1 - 3.3 Clerici's solution 4.15 Water 3.33 - 4.15 01 The heavy liquid method estimates gemstone relative density by observing their behavior in liquids of known density, and it is important to use non-toxic, stable solutions and avoid it for soluble substances. 02 Heavy liquid testing is utilized to identify assembled stones, examine gemstone structures with a microscope, and detect composite growth and diffusion treatments in partially optimized gemstones.
- 31. 07 Identification of Long- waveand Short-wave Ultraviolet Light
- 32. Identification of Long-waveand Short-wave Ultraviolet Light
- 33. Identification of Long-waveand Short-wave Ultraviolet Light Common ultraviolet fluorescent lamps B - grade jadeite fluorescence under long - wave ultraviolet light
- 34. Characteristics of somegemstones under long-wave ultraviolet light 01 01 High-quality colorless diamonds often show a blue hue and can fluoresce in various colors, while yellow-brown diamonds typically have weak or no fluorescence. 02 Emeralds display varying fluorescence based on origin and inclusions, with Colombian emeralds showing dark or bright red fluorescence, and synthetic emeralds exhibiting strong, bright red fluorescence. 01 Natural rubies typically show bright red fluorescence, with variations based on quality, while synthetic and dyed rubies display different fluorescence phenomena. 02 Natural sapphires rarely show asterism, but certain light- colored Sri Lankan sapphires can, whereas synthetic sapphires often exhibit red asterism and nickel-colored ones do not fluoresce.
- 35. Characteristics of somegemstones under short-wave ultraviolet light 01 01 Natural rubies show dark red fluorescence, while synthetic ones display bright red fluorescence under short-wave UV light; natural sapphires usually don't fluoresce, but synthetic ones show milky white fluorescence. 02 Natural diamonds typically show no or weak red fluorescence under short-wave UV light, and synthetic diamonds exhibit varying fluorescence based on color. 01 Imperial topaz exhibits a murky yellow-green or blue- white fluorescence under short- wave ultraviolet light. 02 Colorless natural zircon shows cloudy light yellow fluorescence, and brown zircon exhibits strong turbid yellow fluorescence, distinguishing them from synthetic cubic zirconia.
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- 37. Chelsea Color Filter ChelseaColor Filter
- 38. 09 Application of Large Instrumentsin the Identification of Gemstone Optimization Treatment
- 39. Fourier Transform InfraredSpectroscopy
- 40. Fourier Transform InfraredSpectroscopy Infrared Spectrometer Infrared Spectrum of Natural and Synthetic Amethysts Infrared Spectrum of Natural and Filled Jadeite
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- 42. Raman Spectroscopy Analysis Ramanspectrometer Raman spectra of diamonds and imitations
- 43. Raman Spectroscopy Analysis Ramanspectrum of filled rubies Raman spectra of resin-filled (a) and untreated (b) emeralds Raman spectra of natural and dyed red coral
- 44. Ultraviolet - VisibleSpectrophotometric Analysis
- 45. Ultraviolet - VisibleSpectrophotometric Analysis Ultraviolet - visible absorption spectrum of irradiated blue diamonds UV - visible absorption spectra of natural yellow sapphires, heat- treated yellow sapphires, and irradiated yellow sapphires
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