Finding and using of health information

Finding and using of health information

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  PUBLIC HEALTH IN OCCUPATIONALTHERAPY (OT 201) Lecturer: Sir OAK
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  LECTURE SIX  Findingand using of health information  Methods of Health Education Learning objective: Upon completion of this topic students should be able to: • explain the major sources of health information • state and explain the various methods of health education.
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  Finding and UsingInformation • If you are gathering information on a local area for the first time, it would be helpful to share the work, and the findings, with colleagues. • Working with colleagues needs to be done in conjunction with establishing links with local people. • Gathering and updating all these different kinds of information is an ongoing project for every health promoter. • There are a number of different kinds of information you can access when identifying need.
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  Major kinds ofInformation 1. Epidemiological data: • Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in communities. • Epidemiological data indicate: how many people are affected by a health problem, how many people die from a particular health problem, and who are most at risk within sex, age, socioeconomic, occupation, geographical groupings, weight, smoking, and physical activity levels.
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  Major kinds ofInformation cont… 2. Socioeconomic Data: • This gives information about housing, employment, social class, social/recreational facilities, household amenities, heads of households etc. • Ask for full and current figures. • Data obtained from Census and Annual Reports from District/regional Directorate will show a pattern of inequalities in health in your locality.
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  Major kinds ofInformation cont… 3. Professional Views • Views of :  fellow Health Promoters and Educators  Teachers  Social workers  Public Health Nurses  Health Visitors  Environmental Health Officers • Their concerns must be treated as major health concern.
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  Major kinds ofInformation cont… 4. Public Views  Several ways of obtaining views from the public include:  Informal discussions  Interviews to large groups  Focus Group discussions  Large-scale-surveys (using questionnaire and in-depth interview techniques)  Identifying priority groups etc
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  Major kinds ofInformation cont… 5. Local media • Opinions and data collected through the following media can present a picture:  TV  Local radio  News papers  Information center • It also give a view of any major changes in the community as they happen.
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  Methods Of HealthEducation • Health education helps people to make wise choices about their health and the quality of life of their community. • To do this, accurate information must be presented in understandable form. • Often many different presentations of the same facts and ideas are needed. Students should suggest some possible methods of teaching used in Health Education.
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  Methods Of HealthEducation cont…
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  Methods Of HealthEducation cont… • Health education is carried out at 3 main levels, namely: • Individual Approach, • Group Approach and • General Approach/Mass.  Individual Health Education:  OTs are in direct contact with patients and their relatives, hence, the opportunities for much individual health education. The topic selected should be relevant to the situation.
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  Methods Of HealthEducation cont…  Group Health Education:  The groups may include mothers, school children, patients, industrial workers – to whom we can direct health teaching. The choice of subject in group health teaching must relate directly to the interest of the group. For instance, • mothers may be taught about baby care; • school children about oral hygiene; • a group of TB patients about tuberculosis, and • industrial workers about accidents.
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  Methods of GroupTeaching One – way or didactic methods • Lecture • Films • Charts • Flannel graph • Exhibits • Flashcards Two-way or Socratic Methods • Group discussion • Panel discussion • Symposium • Workshop • Role playing • Demonstration
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  One – wayor didactic methods
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  Two-way or SocraticMethods
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   Education ofthe general public(Mass Approach) • For the education of the general public, we employ “mass media of communication’ – Posters, health magazines, films, radio, television, health exhibitions and health museums. • They are very useful in reaching large numbers of people with whom otherwise there could be no contact. • For effective health education mass media should be used in combination with other methods.
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  Things to considerwhen choosing health education methods. There are six (6) things to consider before choosing health education methods. 1. How ready and able are people to change? 2. How many people are involved? 3. Is the method appropriate to the local culture? 4. What resources are available? 5. What mixture of methods is needed? 6. What methods fit the characteristics (age, sex, religion etc.) of the target group?
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  Ways to putacross health messages • There are two ways to put across health messages;  the direct person-to-person method where you, the health worker, are the principal communicator.  the indirect method, in which your role is to convey to your local audience health messages that originate elsewhere, for example, radio and television programmes. NB: Your success will depend on your ability to combine a variety of methods, both direct and indirect.
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  Thank you